PLASTIC ANALYSIS OF

A STRUCTURE

Presented by
Dipanjan Jana
3
rd
year
Civil Engineering
Roll: 26301311039
Regent Education and Research
fundation


Contents
INTRODUCTION
IDEALIZED STRESS-STRAIN CURVE OF MILD STEEL
BENDING OF BEAMS
REDISTRIBUTION OF MOMENTS AND RESERVE OF STRENGH
SHAPE FACTOR
LOAD FACTOR
MECHANISM
PLASTIC COLLAPSE
CONDITION IN PLASTIC ANALYSIS
PRINCIPLE OF VIRTUAL WORK
THEOREMS OF PLASTIC ANALYSIS
METHODS OF ANALYSIS
REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
Steel is very ductile material and from the stress strain
curve it is observed that higher loads than in the elastic
method can be applied over the structure. This is due to
the fact that a major portion of the curve lies beyond the
elastic limit. This extra strength is termed reserve strength
and forms the basis of plastic design method.

This is an aspect of limit design, which confines the
structural usefulness up to the plastic strength or ultimate
load carrying capacity. this method is based on failure
condition. In this method of design failure implies collapse
or extremely large deformations, thus the structure fails at
a much higher load, called the collapse load, than working
load.
Idealized stess strain curve
for mild steel
Bending of beams
Redistribution of moments and
reserve of strength
Shape factor
For a ductile material like structural steel a member reaching
yield at the extreme fibers retains a reserve of strength that
varies with the shape factor.
Shape factor=plastic moment/yield moment
It is a function of the cross section form or shape.
Load factor
Load is a factor defined as the ratio of collapse load
to the working load. It is represented by F.
F = P
u
/ P
w
= M
p
/ M
w
= f
y
Z
p
/f Z
e
= f
y
S /f = (F.O.S)S
MECHANISM
When a structure is subjected to a system of loads ,it is stable and hence
functional until a sufficient number of plastics things have been formed to render
the structure unstable. As soon as the structure reaches an unstable condition it is
considered to have been failed. The segments of the beam between the plastic
hinges are able to move without an increase of load. This condition in a member is
called mechanism.
The concept of mechanism formation in a structure due to loading beyond the
elastic limit of a virtual work are used in plastic analysis has redundancy r,the
collapse of number of plastic hinges required (r+1).

TYPES OF MECHANISM
a) Beam Mechanism
b) Sway Mechanism
c) Joint Mechanism
d) Gable Mechanism
e) Composite Mechanism

PLASTIC COLLAPSE



The plastic collapse of a structure depends upon its
redundancy .When a sufficient number of plastic
hinges are formed to convert a structure into
mechanism the structure collapse as such a stage,
the deflection increases very fast at a constant load.
The collapse of a structure can be partial, complete
and over complete.
This terms can be explained indeterminacy (r) .
Number of Plastic hinges(N)
The number of plastic hinges in collapse
mechanism are less than (r+1).The collapse is called
partial collapse.
The number of plastic hinges in collapse
mechanism are equal to (r+1).The collapse is called
complete collapse.
The number of plastic hinges in collapse
mechanism are greater than (r+1).The collapse is
called over complete collapse.


CONDITION IN PLASTIC ANALYSIS

1) Equilibrium condition
2) Mechanism condition
3) Yield condition

PRINCIPLE OF VIRTUAL WORK

If a system of forces in equilibrium is subjected to a virtual displacement
the work done by the external forces equals the work done by internal
forces.
W
e
=W
i

It is to a object to express an equilibrium condition.
THEOREMS OF PLASTIC ANALYSIS

1) Static or lower bound theorem
2) Kinematic or upper bound theorem
3) Uniqueness theorem
METHODS OF ANALYSIS

1) Static Method
2) Kinematic Method
CONCLUSION
engineers and research workers have been stimulated to study the plastic strength
of steel structures and its application to design for three principle reasons:
a)it has a more logical design basis.
b)it is more economical in the use of steel.
c)it represents a substantial saving of time in the design.

-[beedle,1960]

the calculation of load carrying capacity by use of limit theorems is much easier
than the calculation of stress .answer obtained are not only physically more
meaningful but also simplier.The simplicity of limit analysis opens the way to limit
design, to direct design as contrasted with the trial and error procedure normally
followed in conventional design.

-[chen,1982]

REFERENCE
Limit State Design of Steel Structures-[S.K.Duggal]
Structural Design In Steel [Sarawar Alam Raz]
Plastic Analysis and Design of Steel Structures-[M. Bill Wong]
Collapse!: The Science of Structural Engineering Failures-[Kirstin Cronn-Mills]

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