Engineering Drawing

Conducted By:
T.L.Lau
Module Purpose
To equip the Trainees with the knowledge and
skills in producing Mechanical Drawings using
Drawing Board and Drafting Instruments so
that Drawings are produced according to
Standard Specification

To enable the Trainees to apply the principles
of Geometrical Construction in producing
various Geometrical drawings

To enable the Trainees to apply the Principles
of Orthographic Projection in producing
various First and Third Angle Projection of an
object.

To be able to Construct Pictorial (Isometric)
Drawings from the Orthographic Projections
given and vise-versa.
Course Outline
Topic 1
Drawing Equipments and materials

Topic 2
Geometrical Construction

Topic 3
First and Third Angle Orthographic
Projections

Topic 4
Isometric Projection
Topic 1
1. Drawing Equipments

i) The Drawing Board


ii. Set Squares
A. The 45 Triangle


and

B. The 30 - 60
Triangle
iii. Instrument Set
The BOFA Set

a. Correct Usage of Instruments
i. The Compass

a) Flat side of lead faces outside;

b. Practice correct method of
sharpening the lead.
c. Avoid sharpening lead
on the side facing the
needle;



d. Avoid using
conical points
e. Correct way to hold the compass;
f. Put pressure on the metal point to prevent
compass from jumping out of the centre
hole.
BEFORE WE PROCEED
FURTHER

See whether you can answer the
following short questions.
Questions
i. Technical drawings are produced
by a drafter using drawing
instruments.

True False
ii. Industrial or technical drawings
and prints are made for the purpose of
______________ .

a. Reading;
b. Communication;
c. Showing off;
d. Self Satisfaction
iii. Currently, with the wide usage of IT, most
of the technical drawings are done using
Microsoft software.


True False

NOW WE CAN PROCEED
2. DRAFTING MATERIALS

a. Paper Sizes
ISO Standard Paper Sizes:-
SIZE DIMENSIONS
A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
841 X 1188
594 X 841
420 X 594
297 X 420
210 X 297
145 X 210
105 X 145
b. TYPES OF PENCILS USED
Type A lines show the outline of the feature of an object. They are the thickest
lines on a drawing and done with a pencil softer than HB.

Type B lines are dimension lines and are used for dimensioning, projecting,
extending, or leaders. A harder pencil should be used, such as a 2H.

Type C lines are used for breaks when the whole object is not shown. They
are freehand drawn and only for short breaks. 2H pencil

Type D lines are similar to Type C, except they are zigzagged and only for
longer breaks. 2H pencil

Type E lines indicate hidden outlines of internal features of an object. They are
dotted lines. 2H pencil
(CONTINUE.)
Type F lines are Type F[typo] lines, except they are used for drawings
in electrotechnology. 2H pencil

Type G lines are used for centre lines. They are dotted lines, but a long
line of 1020mm, then a gap, then a small line of 2mm. 2H
pencil

Type H lines are the same as Type G, except that every second long line is
thicker. They indicate the cutting plane of an object. 2H pencil

Type K lines indicate the alternate positions of an object and the line taken by
that object. They are drawn with a long line of 1020mm, then a small
gap, then a small line of 2mm, then a gap, then another small line. 2H
pencil.

3. Standard Drawing Practices
A. How to begin your drawing

B. The Dos

C. The DONTs

A. How to begin your drawing


1. Clean the drawing board and all
the drawing instruments using
hand-kerchief, napkin or a
piece of clean cloth.

2. Fix the drawing sheet over a padding
sheet on the drawing board;

3. Draw the border lines using HB
pencil; standard spacing is 10 mm.
and 15 mm on bottom.

4. Prepare a suitable Title Block


Example
B. The Dos

1. Always clean hands neatness is a personal
habit.
2. Always begin work after wiping drawing board.
3. Always keep your drawing instruments clean.
4. Always use appropriate drawing pencils.
5. Always maintain the sharpness of the pencil.
6. Always have clean cloth at hand to clean any dirt
on the drawing sheet.

C. The DONTs

1. Never use cheap quality pencil and eraser.
2. Always use divider for transferring measurements
from the scale to the drawing.
3. Never put either end of pencil into your mouth.
4. Never sharpen pencils over the drawing board or
sheet.
5. The sliding rule or mini drafter and set squares
must be cleaned properly every time.
6. Never keep the drawing instruments like
compasses and dividers outside the instrument
box while not in use.
Questions
1. What is the correct A3 size of drawing
paper according to the International
Standard Organization?
420 mm x 297 mm.

2. What is the first thing you should do when
you want to start technical drawing?
Clean the drawing board and all the
drawing instruments.

TOPIC 2
GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTION
1. Layout of Drawings
Planning must be done before starting a drawing
to ensure a balance and pleasant layout.
Example:

2. Lines And Angles
1. To Divide a line into
equal parts.



2. To Bisect a Line.


3. To Bisect an Angle




4. To Construct
Perpendiculars
5. To Construct Angles
and bisect them.


6. To Copy an angle


7. To Construct
Triangles.


8. a) Inscribed and c) Circumscribed Circle
b) Escribed Circle





9. To Construct Polygons.




10. To construct Tangents and Circles






11. Geometrical Construction Practice
Lesson Feedback
Any explanation on Geometrical
Construction that you do not fully
understand?
If there is no more question..

Lets continue with TOPIC 3

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
TOPIC 3
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

What is Orthographic Projection?
Answer :

a. It is a Multiple view drawing showing flat
representations of a principle object.

b. It is the also the most accurate method of
shape description of an object



Answer:

a. The object is represented by looking at it from
different directions reproducing them in a flat
transparent, but imaginary projection plane.

The most basic method is to project the object into
three views, the Plan or Top View, the Front View
and the Side View.



Q: How is it done?
Three basic views of an object

1. First Angle Projection


1. Third Angle Projection
There are two main methods
of Projection:

Can use a maximum of SEVEN
projections if more details are
needed from an object

Details of abbreviations used