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HYBRID VEHICLES
WHAT IS A HYBRID VEHICLE?
Any vehicle which combines two or more
sources of power.

Examples:
Diesel electric
Nuclear electric
Gasoline - electric
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HYBRID STRUCTURE
The two power sources found in hybrid
vehicles may be combined in different
ways, either in parallel or series

Either one will allow the gasoline engine to
shut down when it is not needed.
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PARALLEL HYBRID
Gasoline motor
Batteries which
powers an electric
motor
Both can power the
transmission at the
same time
Electric motor
supplements the
gasoline engine
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SERIES HYBRID
Gasoline motor
turns a generator
Generator may
either charge the
batteries or power
an electric motor
that drives the
transmission
At low speeds is
powered only by
the electric motor
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HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
Power for the electric motor is supplied by
high-voltage nickel-metal hydride battery
Batteries for all hybrids are produced by
Panasonic EV Energy in Japan
Voltage ranges from 144 volts to 650
volts of DC current

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BATTERIES
Individual cells originally contained liquid
potassium hydroxide
The liquid is almost totally absorbed by
the paper membranes inside each cell of
the battery
Because the liquid is absorbed these
batteries are considered dry cell
batteries
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BATTERIES
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HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
Batteries are usually located in the rear of
the vehicle under the floor of the trunk or
under the rear seat.
The wiring harness from the batteries
usually runs below the floorpan of the
vehicle about one foot in from the drivers
side of the vehicle.
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HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
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BATTERY RECHARGING
The Ni-MH batteries are recharged
through a process call regenerative
braking
Regenerative braking takes energy from
the forward momentum of the vehicle and
captures it while coasting or braking.
Occasionally batteries are recharged by
the electric motor
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THE SILENT HYBRID
Most gasoline
engines in hybrids
will shut off when
not needed i.e.
when stopped in
traffic
Most hybrids have
an indicator light
which may alert
individuals to the
status of the vehicle
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HYBRID VEHICLES OTHER
CONSIDERATIONS
KEYLESS IGNITION SYSTEMS
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WHOS MAKING HYBRIDS NOW?
Honda
Accord
Civic
Insight
Toyota
Prius
Camry
Highlander
Ford
Focus
Mazda
Tribute
BMW
I8
3,5,7 Series



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Lexus
RX 400h SUV
GS 450h
LS 600h L
CT 200h
Mercedes
S 400 Klasse
SLS AMG EV-Drive
Audi
A3 E-Tron
R8 E-Tron
General Motors
Silverado and Sierra
Malibu
Tahoe/Yukon
Ampera
Nissan
Leaf
Versa