1

Unit - III :Circuit characterization and performance

estimation:

Delay estimation, RC delay models, linear delay model,
logical effort, parasitic delay, Delay in a logic gate, delay
in a multistage logic networks, power dissipation,
interconnect, design margin, Reliability, Scaling

Unit IV:Combinational circuit design :
Circuit families ,static CMOS, Ratioed circuits, Cascode
voltage switch logic, dynamic circuits, pass transistor
circuits, differential circuits, sense amplifier circuits,
BiCMOS circuits

2
Logic Circuit Types: CMOS Complementary
Logic
CMOS complementary logic gate
has two function determining blocks
N-block and p-block.
There are normally 2n transistors in
an n input gate.
3
2) BiCMOS Logic:
Fig.BiCMOS nand gate
Transistor N1,N2 supply the pull down NPN transistor with base current when
input is high.
N3 clamps the pull down when output is high.
Transistor P1,PN2 supply the pull up NPN transistor.
4
BiCMOS inverter:
5
Pseudo-NMOS Logic
There are n+1 transistor in an n-input
pseudo nmos gate.
The main problem with the gate is the
static power dissipation that occurs
whenever the pull down chain is
turned on. As the p load is always on,
when the n pull down is on current
flows in the gate structure.
A gate so implemented should have a
density advantage over a fully
complementary gate.
6
4)Dynamic CMOS logic:
It consists of an n transistor logic structure whose output node is
precharged to VDD by a ptransistor and conditionally discharged by an n-
transistor connected to VSS.
Clk is a single phase clock. The precharge phase occurs when clk=0.
footed
7
unfooted
8
Problem: Input can only change during the precharge phase and
must be stable during evaluate phase of the cycle.
If the condition not met, charge redistribution effects can corrupt the
output node
9
5) C
2
MOS Logic:
10
Pass
Signals Vi
6) Pass transistor logic:
A B XNOR Pass
function
0 0 1
-A+-B
0 1 0
-A+B
1 0 0
A+-B
1 1 1
A+B
XNOR truth table:
11
Operation P1 P2 P3 P4
NOR(A,B) 0 0 0 1
XOR(A,B)

0 1 1 0
NAND(A,B)

0 1 1 1
AND (A,B)

1 0 0 0
OR(A,B)) 1 1 1 0
12
13
7) CMOS domino logic:
Limitations:1)each gate
must be buffered.
2)Only noninverting
structures are possible.
14
CMOS TG Realization of 3-Variable Boolean
Function
15
16
Bubble Pushing
Start with network of AND / OR gates
Convert to NAND / NOR + inverters
Push bubbles around to simplify logic
Remember DeMorgans Law
17
Y Y
Y
D
Y
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Ex:Design a circuit to compute F=AB+CD using NAND and NORs
18

19

20

21