PAPER BATTERY

SEMINAR ON







Submitted To: Submitted by:
Mr. Vijay Kumar Rajpal kaur
ECE 2
UM10506
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Contents
Introduction to battery
Paper battery
Construction and working
Main components
Advantages
Disadvantages
Applications
Conclusion

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What is a battery
converts stored chemical energy into
electrical energy.


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Working of battery
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Limited life time of primary
batteries
High cost of secondary
batteries
Leakage
Environmental concerns
size
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What is paper battery?


A paper battery is flexible,
ultra-thin energy storage device

Paper battery= paper(cellulose) +
carbon nanotubes.
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Steps involved:



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Construction and working

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Main components
Electrolyes
Cellulose
Carbon nanotubes

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Cellulose
Cellulose is an organic
compound with the
formula(C6H10O5)n

Cellulose is an important
structural component of
the primary cell
wall of green plants


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Prpoperties of cellulose

Biodegradable
Biocompatible
Excellent Porosity & Absorption Capacity
Easily reusable and recyclable
Non-toxic

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Carbon-nanotubes
Carbon
nanotubes (CNTs)
are allotropes of carbon.

length-to-diameter ratio of
up to 132,000,000:1

Formed by one-atom-thick
sheets of carbon,
called graphene. These
sheets are rolled at specific
and discrete angles
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Steps involved in construction




Graphene structure Rolled at angle
CARBON NANOTUBE
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Properties of CNTs
The way the graphene sheet is wrapped is represented
by a pair of indices (n,m).

The integers n and m denote the number of unit
vectors along two directions in the crystal lattice of
graphene.

If m = 0, the nanotubes are called zigzag nanotubes,
and if n= m, the nanotubes are called armchair
nanotubes. Otherwise, they are called chiral
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D=a /3.14 .(n^2 + m^2 + nm )^0.5 pm
where a = 0.246 nm

For a given (n,m) nanotube,
if n = m, the nanotube is metallic
if n m is a multiple of 3, then the nanotube is
semiconducting with a very small band gap
otherwise the nanotube is a moderate semiconductor


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Properties of CNTs
High tensile strength
Very light in weight
Very good electrical conductor
Low resistance
High packing density
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Types of CNTs
Single walled nanotubes
Multi-walled nanotubes


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Output circuit voltage

It is 1.5-2.5V for a postage stamp sized specimen.

Can be varied by two methods:
CNT Concentration
Stacking and slicing of paper

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Advantages

Biodegradable
Biocompatible
Durable
No leakage and overheating
Very light weight and flexible
Easily moldable into desired shapes and sizes.
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Disadvantages

Low shear strength
Techniques and set-ups used in production of CNTs
are very expensive.
Injurious to health if inhaled.
Works efficiently at small scale only.
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Applications

Used in laptop batteries, mobile phones, digital
cameras.
In calculators, wrist watches and other low drain
devices.
In wireless communication devices.
In enhanced PCBs
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In pacemaker for heart
In biosensors , such as glucose meter , sugar meter etc.
For light weight guided missiles.
For powering electronics devices in satellite program.
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In Pacemakers

Blood acts as an
electrolyte.

Sodium , potassium ,
chlorides & bicarbonates
will recharge battery
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Uses of Paper Battery
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Conclusion

Having excellent features paper batteries have
potential adaptability to power the next generation
electronics.
Energy crisis solutions
Can overcome many disadvantages of traditional
batteries.

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References

[1]. Longyan Yuan.(nov. 2011). Flexible Solid-State Supercapacitors
Based on Carbon Nanoparticles/MnO2 Nanorods Hybrid
Structure.(online).availabe: http://www.nanoscience.gatech.edu.
[2]. Hu, L. C., J.; Yang, Y.; La Mantia, F.; Jeong, S.; Cui, Y. Highly
Conductive Paper for Energy Storage Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.U.S.A.
2009,
[3]. Meng, C.; Liu, C.; Chen, L.; Hu, C.; Fan, S. Highly Flexible and All-
Solid-State Paperlike Polymer Supercapacitors. Nano Lett. 2010
[4]. Kaempgen, M.; Chan, C. K.; Ma, J.; Cui, Y.; Gruner, G. Printable
Thin Film batteries Using Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes.2005
[5]. Katherine Noyes. "Nanotubes Power Paper-Thin Battery".
TechNewsWorld. Retrieved 2010-10
[6].Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. August 21, 2007 . thin-batteries-
could-power-pacemakers.(online) http://www.dicardiology.com

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