OPTICAL NANOANTENNA

PRESENTED BY:-
PAYAL PRASAD
REGD. NO.-1101227499

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Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
C. V. Raman College Of Engineering, Bhubaneswar
CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RF AND NANOANTENNA
HISTORY OF NANOANTENNA
THEORY OF OPERATION
STRUCTURE
PRODUCTION
ADVANTAGES OF USING NANOANTENNA
APPLICATIONS
LIMITATIONS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
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INTRODUCTION


An antenna is a part of a system designed to
transmmit or receive electromagnetic waves.
This device is able to convert the radiation energy of
the propagating wave into localized energy and
vice versa.
Optical nanoantennas are important devices for
converting propagating radiation into confined or
enhanced fields at nanoscale.
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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RF AND OPTICAL
NANOANTENNA

RF antennas have feature size of the order of several
centimeters whereas optical antennas with that of order
of a few hundred nanometers.
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RF Antenna Optical nanoantenna


In RF antenna conduction phenomena
dominates.However, in optical nanoantenna
conductivity is lower and polarisation and
displacement plays important role.

Unlike RF antennas, optical antennas need
specific design for each application
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HISTORY OF NANOANTENNA


1973 : Robert Bailey and James C. Fletcher,
received a patent for an electromagnetic wave
converter similar to modern nanoantenna.

1984 : Alvin M. Marks received a patent for a device
stating the use of sub-micron antennas for the direct
conversion of light power to electrical power.

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1996 : Guang H. Lin reported resonant light
absorption by a fabricated nanostructure and
rectification of light with frequencies in the
visible range.

2002 : ITN Energy Systems Inc. published a report
on their work on optical antennas coupled with
high frequency diodes
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THEORY OF OPERATION
Production of standing-wave electrical current in the
finite antenna array structure by incident
electromagnetic radiation .
Absorption of the incoming EM radiation energy at
the designed resonant frequency of the antenna.
Generation of cyclic plasma movement of free
electrons from the metal antenna.
Free flow of electrons along the antenna generating
alternating current at the same frequency as the
resonance.
Current flows towards the antenna feedpoint.
In a balanced antenna, the feedpoint is located at
the point of lowest impedance.

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Flow of THz currents to feedpoint of antenna
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FIGURE SHOWING STRUCTURE OF ANTENNA
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Ground plane - reflector


Dielectric resonance layer
Antenna
ANTENNA STRUCTURE
Three main parts :
Antenna
Ground plane
Optical resonance cavity

Antenna-absorbs the electromagnetic wave, the
ground plane acts to, and the optical resonance
cavity

Ground plane-reflects the light back towards the
antenna

Optical resonance cavity- bends and
concentrates the light back towards the antenna
via the ground plane.

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FUNCTIONS :
PRODUCTION
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LITHOGRAPHY

Figure showing lithography process
ROLL-TO-ROLL MANUFACTURING
Based on a master pattern
It mechanically stamps the precision pattern
onto an inexpensive flexible substrate
Creates the metallic loop elements
Idaho National Laboratories fabricated a
master template (10 billion antenna elements
on 8-inch round silicon wafer)


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Electron microscope image of master template
ADVANTAGES OF USING NANOANTENNA
High theoretical efficiency(greater than 85%)

Nanoantenna arrays can be designed to
absorb any frequency of light

By varying the size of the nanoantenna, the
resonant frequency of the nanoantenna can
be engineered to absorb a specific wavelength
of light
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APPLICATIONS

Realization of compact optical sensors

Designing of integrated optical switches and
memories at the nanoscale

Designing of nanolasers

In solar cells and photomixers



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LIMITATIONS
Production :
-Slow and expensive electron
beam lithography
-Parallel processing is not
possible with e-beam lithography
Operational frequency :
-High frequency light in ideal range of wavelength
makes the use of Schottky diodes impractical
- MIM diodes need more advances to operate efficiently
at higher frequencies
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CONCLUSION
In spite of some of its limitations, optical
nanoantenna has come up with many
advantages and applications and with a
promising future scope also. Future work will
focus on designing the nanoantenna structure
for operation in other wavelengths.
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REFERENCES

Andrea Al and Nader Engheta, Theory, Modeling and
Features of Optical Nanoantennas, Antennas and
propagation,vol. 61,pp. 1508-1517,2013

P. Muhlschlegel,H. J.Eisler, O. J. F. Martin, B. Hecht, andD.W.
Pohl,Resonant optical antennas, Science, vol. 308, pp. 1607
1609, 2005.

P. Bharadwaj, B. Deutsch, and L. Novotny, Optical antennas,
Adv.Opt. Photon., vol. 1, pp. 438483, 2009.

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THANK YOU
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