A SEMINAR PRESENTATION

ON

Malviya National Institute Of Technology, Jaipur

Gaurav Kumar Jain
VII
th
semester
2011UEE1104
Mr. Ashok Aggrawal
Mr. Vipin Kumar Jain
Electrical Engineering Department
Guided by :-

Presented By :-

BSES YAMUNA POWER LIMITED
CONTENT OF PRESENTATION
Company profile
Delhi power supply system
Substation
Equipments in the substation
Type of faults
BSES: COMPANY
PROFILE
Established in 1929, especially for Mumbai Suburbs.
India's largest private sector enterprise power utility.
Now known as Reliance Infrastructure Ltd.
Providing power distribution services from 12 years in
Delhi.
Serving more than 34 lakh people in Delhi.

DELHI POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM
Generation companies like IPGCL, NTPC, NDPL generate power and step it up to 220 KV before
sending it to Transco (DTL).
Delhi Transco Ltd. receives power at 220 KV and steps it down to 66/33 KV before sending it to
Distribution companies like BYPL,BRPL,NDPL.
Distribution companies receive power at 66/33 KV and step it down further to 11 KV before
feeding it to the secondary distribution substation.
At secondary distribution substations power is stepped down to 0.4 KV and finally distributed
by 3phase-4wire system at either 230V or 400V.
SUBSTATION
An electrical substation is an assemblage of electrical components to change some
characteristic ( voltage, power factor etc.)of electric supply.
These components are connected in a definite sequence.
Substations generally have switching, protection and control equipment and transformers.
Basically an electrical substation consists of number of incoming ckt. and outgoing ckt.
connected to a common Bus-bar systems.
At distribution substation the primary distribution voltages are stepped down to supply
voltages for feeding the actual consumers through a distribution network.


MAIN EQUIPMENTS IN
SUBSTATION
Transformers
Circuit breakers
Instrument transformers
Lightening arresters
Isolators
Insulators
Capacitor bank


Parts of a power transformer
1. Tank 6. Radiator of transformer
2. Conservator tank 7. Magnetic Oil gauge
3. Buchholz relay 8. Temperature indicator
4. Pressure relief valve 9. Silica gel Breather
5. On load tap changer


Power transformer
Since Generation of electrical power is done at lower voltage due to cost effectiveness but
transmission is done at higher voltage so at substations transformers are used to step down or
step up the voltage level.
Generally two windings transformers are used where the ratio between high voltage and low
voltage is greater than two.
Specification of transformers used at kondli substation:- (to be filled tomorrow)


CURRENT TRANSFORMER
At substations Current transformers are used for measuring and protection purpose.
since high currents can not be directly fed to relays and meters hence to transform currents from a
usually high value to a value easy to handle for relays and instruments, current transformers are
used.
The primary winding of a current transformer is connected in series with the conductor carrying the
current to be measured.
The secondary winding is thus electrically insulated from the high voltage and it is connected to
low-voltage metering circuits and across operating coil of relays.
Current in its secondary is proportional to the current in the primary winding of CT.




POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER AND
CVT
Capacitor voltage transformers (CVT) and potential transformers are used at substations to
step-down high voltage signals and provide low voltage signals either for measurement or to
operate a protective relay.
For low voltage (11kv or 33kv ) potential transformers are used but at high voltage CVT are
used.
They provides isolation to the measuring equipments and relays from high voltage system.
These are four terminal device one for connection to the high voltage signal, a ground terminal,
and two secondary terminals which connect to the measuring instruments or protective relay.


BUS BARS
Double Bus-bar system is adopted at kondli substation.
In double bus bar system two identical bus bars are used in such a way that any feeder can be
taken from any of the bus.
Every feeder is connected to both of the buses in parallel through individual isolator
Double Bus Bar Arrangement increases the flexibility of system.
The arrangement does not permit Feeder circuit breaker maintenance with out interruption.
Double Bus-bar arrangement
ISOLATERS
Isolator is a mechanical switch which separate a part of the system from rest for safe maintenance
works normally at off load condition.
Isolators must be open after circuit breaker is open and these must be closed before circuit breaker
is closed.
Double break type isolators are used at kondli substation.





CIRCUIT BREAKERS
circuit breaker is a switching device which can be operated manually as well as automatically
for controlling and protection of electrical power system.
During short circuit or other type of fault, Equipments and power network may be damaged
due to high electric current.
For isolating the faulty part and reconnecting after the fault is cleared, circuit breakers are
used.
SF6 type circuit breaker are used at 66/11KV and at 11/0.4KV substations vacuum circuit
breakers are used.


LIGHTENING ARRESTERS
Lightening arrester are used for protection of transformers, circuit breakers and other sub-
station equipment against lightning and switching surges.
Under normal voltage level, these devices withstand easily the system voltage as electrical
insulator and provide no conducting path to the system current.
On occurrence of voltage surge in the system, these devices provide very low impedance path
for the excess charge of the surge to the ground.
After conducting the charges of surge, to the ground, the voltage becomes to its normal level.
Then lightning arrester regains its insulation property and prevents further conduction of
current to the ground.



LIGHTENING ARRESTER
CAPACITOR BANKS
Due to the inductive nature of load, power factor of system is decreased .
If power factor is less there will be more loss and poor voltage regulation.
So the capacitor reactance can be used to cancel the inductive reactance of the system.
At kondli substation 11kv capacitor banks are used with Double star connection.
BATTERY CHARGERS AND
BATTERY
For the operation of switchgear and protection relays DC supply is required.
The DC output voltage of battery charger is kept a few volts higher than the voltage of
the battery.
In the emergency condition batteries are used to provide auxiliary DC supply.
220V, Ni-Cd batteries are used at kondli substations for standby DC backup.
Ni-cd batteries are expensive but have high service life and require less maintenance.
INSULATORS
The insulator are used to provide necessary insulation between ground and conductor.
Also provides support to the conductor.
Pin type insulators are used for transmission and distribution of electric power at voltages up
to 33 kV.
For higher voltage(>33kv) suspension type insulators are used.



NEED OF EARTHING
To protect the equipments from surges and lightning strikes.
To protect the operating persons in the substation.
Step potential and Touch potential should be small.
At kondli substation system is solidly grounded.
Conclusion
This training program gave me excellent opportunity to gain practical knowledge.
During my training I saw various equipments like transformer, circuit breaker, Instrument
transformers etc. practically which till then I read only theoretically.
And I got the idea of transmission and distribution of electric power and learnt new concepts in
transmission and distribution.
This training was quite helpful to give a practical shape to my theoretically knowledge.