TAN SIN KEAT KB.

PA (MAL)
B. Ed., M. Ed (Counseling) Cert. of Edu (MPSAH)
Int. Reality Therapy Training Cert (USA)
Fellow of
Association of Psychological & Educational Counselor of Asia-Pacific (APECA)
International Play Therapy Association (IPA, UK)
Persatuan Kaunselor Malaysia (PERKAMA)

INSTITUT PENDIDIKAN GURU ( IPG )
KAMPUS SULTAN ABDUL HALIM
SUNGAI PETANI , KEDAH DARUL AMAN
PROGRAM IJAZAH SARJANA MUDA PENDIDIKAN
(PISMP)

EDU 3107
GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING FOR CHILDREN


Chapter 1
Introduction to Guidance,
Counselling & Psychotherapy
( 2 hours )

1.1 Basic Concepts of
Guidance, Counselling &
Psychotherapy

INTRODUCTION
Growing realization for this services in
Malaysia, both government agencies and
private sectors as well

Selaras dengan hasrat kerajaan yang mengutamakan
pembangunan modal insan, pengurus sumber manusia sektor awam
hendaklah melaksanakan penambahbaikan dalam urusannya dengan
menerapkan aspek psikologi dan kaunseling

Sumber:
Panduan Aplikasi Psikologi Dalam Pengurusan Sumber Manusia
Sektor Awam, Pekeliling Perkhidmatan Bilangan 18/2005, Jabatan
Perkhidmatan Awam.
Keperluan kepada perkhidmatan kaunseling semakin meningkat
dapat membantu anggota perkhidmatan awam meningkatkan
pembangunan diri masing-masing bagi mencapai tahap kefungsian
psikologi yang tinggi serta penghasilan kerja yang produktif dan
berkualiti.


source:
Panduan Untuk Mewujudkan Perkhidmatan Kaunseling di Agensi
Awam, Pekeliling Perkhidmatan Bilangan 1/1999, Jabatan
Perkhidmatan Awam.
National Health & Morbidity Survey (NHMS)
Institut Kesihatan Umum, Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia (1996,2006 )
Peratusan yang menghadapi gangguan psikologikal:

(A) Remaja < 15 tahun
1996: 13% --- 2006: 19.4%

(B) Golongan orang dewasa yang bermasalah sedemikian
1996:10.6% --- 2006:11.2%

Pada tahun 2011, seramai 34 ribu (1.8%) menghadapi
masalah kemurungan (depression) Umur 16-24:2.5%


WHAT IS GUIDANCE ?


Guidance is an
process of helping individual to obtain self-
understanding strengtheness & weakness in the
inner worldto determine their aspiration of
liferealistically in competency and
interesteventually to achieve self-esteem.

Shertzer & Stone, 1974.





WHAT IS GUIDANCE ?


Guidance is an

..to plan for change (in short-term / long-term).
Alice Crow, 1964.

Services such as career orientation (both
educative & informative)
McDaniel & Shaftel, 1956.





WHAT IS GUIDANCE ?


Guidance is an

systematically arranged educational process
D.W. Lefever, 1970.

is preventive in nature rather then psychological
rehabilitation
George, R.L. & Christiani, T.S. , 1995.





WHAT IS COUNSELLING?


Counselling is an
process of interaction for individual to gain self-
understanding and how they related to the
environment where they are living
witheventually this will establish their aim of life

Shertzer & Stone, 1974.





WHAT IS COUNSELLING?


Counselling is an
clients are given opportunity to explore the inner
self which cause the psychological blockness
with these psychological insights will help the client
to chose the alternatives of solution.

Corey, 1977.





WHAT IS COUNSELLING?


Counselling is
face-to-face relationship
( trained & qualified counselor client )
unconditional positive regard
respect the uniqueness of the client
genuine in interaction
believe that humans will develop themselves
toward self-esteem





WHAT IS COUNSELLING?


Counselling is NOT
to impose the counselors value to the client
solely giving advises / opinions / information
an attempt to influence clients decision
a session of interview / investigation
to decide the career pathway for the client





WHAT IS PSYCHOTHERAPY?

base on the understanding of two person ( trained
therapist patient), to achieve the specific aim(s)
and resolution(s)well trained therapist is capable
by using the skills to restructure/rearrange the
patients psychological need(s).

Brunch, 1981.





WHAT IS PSYCHIATRY?

associated with mental illness, extreme emotional
problems and serious personal issuesnormally
they are mentally sick personprescribe the
necessarily medicine in long term treatment.








Buku Panduan Pelaksanaan Khidmat Bimbingan dan Kaunseling di
Sekolah, KPM (193)
1. To DEVELOP the self growth of students
2. To PREVENT the students from drug abused &
maladaptive behavior
3. To REMEDIAL the problems of academic,
social emotion & career planning
4. CRISIS counselling/intervention


Try to match the suitable items for
Guidances Aims & Counsellings Aims
Respectively base on the basic concepts you had
learned on sub chapter 1.1
To serve the educational purposes
To serve all the students
Life long process primary university
Preventive rather then remedial
Confidentiality is the priority
Willingness to help
Personal information is needed for the process

Patterson (1967)
The changes which had been taken are voluntarily based,
the trained counselor help these changes happen within
the therapeutic setting changes are needed because of
psychological problems

Biasco (1966)
Counselling process has to be planned systematically
preventive rather then remedial is the clients right to
decide for solution(s).



McDaniel & Shaftel (1956)
Unconditional positive regardsrespect to the clients
uniquenessso call permissive: a. session of counselling can
be terminated anytime, b. counsellor cannot impose any
personal value toward clientthink with client.




Guidance & Counseling in School
Guidance Counselling
Development

Prevention

General Services Crisis & Remedial
Involvement of all students
Problematic
students
Involvement of all staff & school administrator School Counselor
Proactive Reactive
ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONS
WHO IS CLIENTS ?


A CLIENT IS THE ONE WHO STILL CAN
FUNCTIONING ( @ PSYCHOLOGICALLY
HEALTHY ) BUT FACING PROBLEMS OF
ADJUSTMENT
DEVELOPMENTAL
SITUATIONAL




WHO IS COUNSELOR ?


COMMUNICATION
SKILLS
STRATEGY
APPLICATION
STRATEGY
KNOWLEDGE
DEVELOPMENTAL
SKILLS
NONPRO PROFESSIONAL PARAPRO
Barbara F. Okun, 1992
WHO IS COUNSELOR ?


NONPROFESSIONAL:
FRIENDS, COLLEAGUES, INTRAINED VOLUNTEERS

PARAPROFESSIONAL:
SOCIAL WORKERS, MENTAL HEALTH NURSES

PROFESSIONAL :
PSYCHOLOGISTS, PSYCHIATRISTS, COUNSELORS




COUNSELING VS.FRIENDSHIP
STRUCTURED AS TO TIME AND PLACE
GOAL DIRECTED
TIME LIMITED
FOCUS ON CLIENT
SYSTEMATIC-ORGANIZED AND PLANNED
DISCUSS PSYCHOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT ISSUES
NON EVALUATIVE
CONFIDENTIAL

COUNSELOR VS
PSYCHOTHERAPIST @ PSYCHOLOGIST
LESS SEVERE PROBLEMS
SHORTER DURATION
PREVENTIVE MORE THAN REMEDIAL
CLIENTS NORMAL@ FUNCTIONING

THANK YOU