FOOD

DIGESTION
FOOD DIGESTION
Carbohydrates, protein and lipids are complex
substances.
Cannot enter the circulatory system.
Insoluble
So, it need to be chemically altered to the
soluble compounds.
Digestion
The breakdown of insoluble food materials into
soluble compounds in the form of smaller
molecules.
smaller molecules can pass in solution through
the walls of the intestine and enter the blood
stream through the process of absorption.

SMALLER MOLECULE???
Carbohydrates ----- glucose
Protein ----- amino acid
Lipid ----- glycerol and fatty acid
DIGESTION
Mastication / chewing
using teeth, stomach
contraction and
emulsification by bile
(breakdown to smaller
pieces, to increase the
surface area)
Carry out by digestive
enzymes
Contain in saliva, gastric
juices, pancreatic juices
and intestinal juices.
Where it takes place in body???
Alimentary canal : a long, muscular tube
which extends from the mouth to the
anus.
THE HUMAN DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
Part of the digestive
system
Secretion and
enzymes
Function
Mouth and teeth Macticates large pieces
foods into smaller ones.
Salivary gland Saliva that contains water,
mucus and salivary amylase
Moisten and soften
ingested foods to assist
mastification.
Mucus binds food
particles and lubricantes
the food to help in
swollowing.
Amylase hydrolyes
starch to maltose.
Tonque Mixes food with saliva and
rolls food into a bolus so
that it is easy to swallow.
Digestion in the mouth

salivary amylase
Starch + water maltose

Saliva pH 6.5 7.5
Food chewed --- bolus --- swallow --- bolus enter
oesophagus

Mucus lubricates movement of bolus along the oesophagus
by peristalsis (wave like muscular contaction)
Digestion in stomach
Secretion and
enzymes
Function
Gastric juice
Mucus
Hydrochloric acid
Pepsin
Renin
Highly acidic of hydrochloric acid pH 2 kill the bacteria
present in food
Stop the activity of salivary amylase.

Pepsin- hydrolysis the large protein into smaller
polypeptides

Protein + water polypeptides

Rennin coagulates milk for hydrolysis by pepsin.

Soluble milk protein (caseinogen) casein

Stomach contain become semi-fluid called chyme
Pyloric sphincter the relaxation allows the chyme to
enter duodenum.
pepsin
Digestion in small intestine
Consist of duodenum, the jujunum amd the
highly coiled ileum.
Digestion of starch, lipid and protein

Part of the digestive
system
Secretion and
enzymes
Function
Pancreas Pancreatic juice
-lipase
-amylase
-trypsin
-water

Fatty acid glycerol
Starch maltose
Polypeptides peptides
Solvent to hydrolysis
liver Bile (store in gall bladder)
-enter the duodenum via
bile duct
Neutralises the acidic
chyme
Provides an alkaline
medium for enzymes
hydrolysis in small
intestine.
Emulsify fat into tiny
droplet (large surface
area)
Part of the digestive
system
Secretion and
enzymes
Function
Duodenum
( first part of small
intestine)








Ileum (small intestine)
Intestinal juice
- Erepsin
- Maltase
- Lactase

- Sucrase

- Water


pepides amino acids
Maltose glucose
Lactose glucose +
galactose
Sucrose glucose +
fructose
Solvent in hydrolysis



Absorption of soluble
digested food
Large intestine (colon) Absobs almost all the water
from undigested residue
Rectum Store faeces before
removal via anus

THE END

Question 5
The following four enzymes
Amylase
Maltase
Lactase
Sucrase

All of these four enzymes are involved in the breakdown of
A: lipid
B: protein
C: carbohydrates
D: mineral salts

Question 6
What is long, muscular tube which extands
from the mouth to anus??
Question 7
Examples of complex substances?

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Question 9
Function of salivary amylase in mouth


At what pH salivary amylase will work
properly?
Question 8
Question 10
What is the substrate of lipase?