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This document provides an introduction to a biology lab course on the scientific method and termite trails. It outlines the learning objectives of the course which are to understand and apply the scientific method through hands-on labs. It describes the format of the labs which will involve making observations, forming hypotheses, designing controlled experiments, collecting and analyzing quantitative data, and drawing conclusions. It also provides guidance on lab safety procedures, equipment use, and expectations for student participation and evaluation. The goal is for students to gain experience "thinking like a scientist" by actively participating in experiments to test hypotheses about topics like termite behavior.
Descriere originală:
Lab 1 – the Scientific Method and Termite Trails Fall 2014
Titlu original
Lab 1 – The Scientific Method and Termite Trails Fall 2014
This document provides an introduction to a biology lab course on the scientific method and termite trails. It outlines the learning objectives of the course which are to understand and apply the scientific method through hands-on labs. It describes the format of the labs which will involve making observations, forming hypotheses, designing controlled experiments, collecting and analyzing quantitative data, and drawing conclusions. It also provides guidance on lab safety procedures, equipment use, and expectations for student participation and evaluation. The goal is for students to gain experience "thinking like a scientist" by actively participating in experiments to test hypotheses about topics like termite behavior.
This document provides an introduction to a biology lab course on the scientific method and termite trails. It outlines the learning objectives of the course which are to understand and apply the scientific method through hands-on labs. It describes the format of the labs which will involve making observations, forming hypotheses, designing controlled experiments, collecting and analyzing quantitative data, and drawing conclusions. It also provides guidance on lab safety procedures, equipment use, and expectations for student participation and evaluation. The goal is for students to gain experience "thinking like a scientist" by actively participating in experiments to test hypotheses about topics like termite behavior.
You want to be informed, so you can make smart choices for yourself, for your family, for your community, and for the world.
#NSB2014 2 Why do I need to take a lab? We want you to be able to think like a scientist Labs provide a hands-on, active approach to learning. Labs demonstrate The Scientific Method. Labs confirm that simple research can affect the way you approach problems. Lab fulfills the science course with a lab requirement for general education #NSB2014 3 Natural Science Syllabus Introduction Grading Quizzes Attendance Participation Paper/Presentation Code of Conduct Electronic Communications #NSB2014 4 Lab Manual Must be purchased for lab. Available in Bookstore. Needed every week to turn in your questions. This is how you get your participation points. You must have your lab manual with you each lab, to have instructions for the lab. If you do not have your own set of instructions, you cannot participate in lab. #NSB2014 5 In the lab - Lab Equipment Always check to make sure you have all the needed equipment before you begin your lab. Lab equipment must always be stored properly and cleaned to avoid contamination (Becoming nonsterile by contact with any nonsterile material). Never put away equipment that is dirty.
#NSB2014 6 In the lab - Safety Procedures 1. Never conduct any laboratory experiments until proper instructions have been given and a instructor is present. 2. If something goes wrong while performing a laboratory experiment, immediately get the attention of the instructor. 3. Always read the instructions and safety precautions before beginning an experiment.
#NSB2014 7 In the lab - Designing the Experiment Each of the lab has been designed to give you a big picture view of Biology. Each lab has the same format a short lecture, background information, materials, the procedure, collecting data, and questions designed to assess your understanding. Each lab has a quiz over vocabulary and concepts Each lab is conducted using The Scientific Method #NSB2014 8 The Scientific Method starts, stops, moves forward, moves backward, and rarely just follows the circle. #NSB2014 9 Much of what we do in science does not involve experiments Much of science is making observations and descriptions. Different sizes Different colors Different structures Different functions
Then, we make predictions about why things might be different #NSB2014 10 Forming a Hypothesis Forming a hypothesis first involves observation. Then, ask a question about something you observe. Your hypothesis will be a possible answer to that question. Remember a hypothesis does not have to be correct; it simply has to be testable. In fact, often hypotheses are wrong. However, even a wrong hypothesis is useful because it helps you rule out ideas.
#NSB2014 11 Examples of Hypotheses We Can Test More students get sick during the final week of testing that at other times. One solar panel can replace one C battery. Disinfectants that contain bleach will kill 99% of E. coli bacteria on hard surfaces. Worker satisfaction increases worker productivity. Amount of sun exposure will increase the growth of a tomato plant. Childhood obesity is tied to the amount of sugary drinks ingested daily. A dog can be trained to alert a human if the telephone is ringing. #NSB2014 12 Testing a Hypothesis You must design a controlled experiment to test a hypothesis. A controlled experiment tests only one factor at a time. What would be included in the control, besides soil? #NSB2014 13 Dependent v. Independent Variable Independent Variable Changed The one factor that you alter between experimental groups Dependent Variable Measured Your result (data), (depends on what is changed)
#NSB2014 14 Data Collection Techniques All of the information collected during a scientific investigation is known as data. Data can be collected through the following techniques: Quantitative measurement numerical (such as weight, volume, or how many legs)
Qualitative observation descriptive (such as colors, size, shape, feeling) #NSB2014 15 Analyzing Data Data can be analyzed by making inferences from and recognizing patterns in the data. You might use the following methods to analyze your data:
statistical analysis
creating graphs
organizing data into tables and charts
#NSB2014 16 Data Collection and Sample Size The larger the amount of data collected, The larger the sample size, The more times the experiment is repeated, The more valid the results.
#NSB2014 17 Collect and Interpret Data When you collect data you need to be concerned about precision and accuracy.
Precision in Data Collection Precision refers to how consistent and reproducible a measurement is. A good rule of thumb is to take measurements two or three times (called replicates) in order to ensure precision Accuracy in Data Collection Accuracy refers to the correctness of a measurement. Data will be useless unless it is collected accurately.
#NSB2014 18 Precision vs. Accuracy #NSB2014 19 All the measurements are close together All the measurements are close to center Which piece of equipment would be best for accurately measuring 76 ml?
#NSB2014 20 Do I have a theory, or do I have a hypothesis? Scientists use the word theory differently than the general public. A theory in science is not a guess. A scientific theory is a set of principles that explain and predict phenomena, after repeated observations and experiments.
Once a hypothesis is verified, it becomes a theory.
Examples of scientific theories cell theory, evolutionary theory, big bang theory, theory of relativity #NSB2014 21 Whats YOUR hypothesis? The termites used in this experiment are a group of social insects usually classified at the taxonomic rank of order Isoptera. As truly social animals, they are termed eusocial . Eusocial animals display several characteristics they have a queen, workers or laborers, defenders, colonies, castes but why?
#NSB2014 22 How to do the lab Read the background information Look at your materials and procedure what are you going to do, and why? Follow directions, and fill in your data sheet for Lab 1. Make sure your full, real name, section, and TA are on the handout, and turn it in. You arent finished until your lab station is clean and ready for the next class. #NSB2014 23