1165-STRAT Solar Energy

CONURBANT - IEE/10/380/SI2.589427 - www.conurbn!.
"u
An inclusive peer-to-peer approach to involve EU
CONURBations and wide areas in participating to the
CovenANT of Mayors
"Local energy production:
Solar thermal energy and Photovoltaic solar energy"
#no$ An!on%&"$
T"c'n%c( )%r"c!or * S!r!+", En"r+-
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CONURBANT - IEE/10/380/SI2.589427 - www.conurbn!."u
So(r En"r+-
hy are we interested in using solar energy!

So(r En"r+-
"unlight provides the energy source that powers the Earth#s cli$ate and
ecosyste$%

&arnessing this energy for hot water and electrical power could provide a renewa'le( low car'on energy source( and presents an attractive way of $itigating cli$ate change%

So(r En"r+-
&ow can we use solar energy!

So(r En"r+-
/" cn u$" $o(r "n"r+- !o 0ro&uc" En"r+- $ b"(ow
So(r T'"r,( En"r+- - to provide heat

#'o!o1o(!%c En"r+- - to generate electricity

So(r T'"r,( En"r+-
"olar ther$al electric energy generation concentrates the light fro$ the sun to create heat( and that heat is used to run a heat engine( which turns a generator to $a)e electricity%
The wor)ing *uid that is heated 'y the concentrated sunlight can 'e a li+uid or a gas% ,i-erent wor)ing *uids include water( oil( salts( air( nitrogen( heliu$( etc% ,i-erent engine types include stea$ engines( gas tur'ines( "tirling engines( etc%
All of these engines can 'e +uite e.cient( often 'etween /01 and 201( and are capa'le of producing 304s to 3004s of $egawatts of power%

#'o!o1o(!%c$ 5#26 T"c'no(o+-
#'o!o1o(!%c$ 5#26 is a $ethod of generating electrical power 'y converting solar radiation into direct current electricity using se$iconductors that e7hi'it the
photovoltaic e-ect% 8hotovoltaic power generation e$ploys solar panels co$posed of a nu$'er of solar cells containing a photovoltaic $aterial%

#'o!o1o(!%c$ 5#26 T"c'no(o+-
In the world of photovoltaic (PV) solar power, there are several types of semiconductor technologies currently in use for PV solar panels. Two, however, have become the most widely adopted:
Crystalline Silicon

Thin Film

Crystalline silicon
rystalline silicon panels are constructed by first putting a single slice of silicon through a series of processing steps,creating one solar cell. These cells are then assembled together in multiples to ma!e a solar panel. rystalline silicon, also called wafer silicon, is the oldest and the most widely used material in
commercial solar panels.
There are two main types of crystalline silicon panels:
Monocrystalline Silicon

Multicrystalline Silicon
T'%n 3(,
Thin 9l$ solar panels are $ade 'y placing thin layers of se$iconductor $aterial onto various surfaces( usually on glass% The ter$ thin flm refers to the a$ount of se$iconductor $aterial used% :t is applied in a thin 9l$ to a surface
structure(such as a sheet of glass% Contrary to popular 'elief( $ost thin 9l$ panels are not *e7i'le% Overall( thin 9l$ solar panels o-er the lowest $anufacturing costs( and are 'eco$ing $ore prevalent in the industry%
There are three $ain types of thin 9l$ used;
C&,%u, T"((ur%&" 4C&T"5
A,or0'ou$ S%(%con
Co00"r6 In&%u,6 7((%u,6S"("n%&" 4CI7S5
#(nn%n+ #2 0ro8"c!
Building-up a large-scale photovoltaic installation re+uires several steps and preli$inary surveys in order to con9r$ the relia'ility of the pro<ect% Each
phase is essential and it ta)es around = $onths to achieve the pro<ect%

#ro8"c! O1"r1%"w
#9ASES
#9ASE 1: #RE-;EASIBI.IT< STU)<
#9ASE 2: #2 S<STE= )ESI7N
#9ASE 3: BUSINESS #.AN
#9ASE 4: #ER=ISSION #.ANNIN7
#9ASE 5: SE.ECTION O; S<STE= / SU##.IER
#9ASE >: S<STE= INSTA..ATION
#9ASE 7: =ANA7E=ENT O; T9E INSTA..ATION
#9ASE 8: EN)-.I;E O; T9E INSTA..ATION

That#s the 9rst step of the pro<ect% hen the decision is $ade to invest in a photovoltaic syste$( it is re+uired to collect all the useful infor$ation in order to identify the interest and the feasi'ility of the pro<ect%
A- Site selection
One of the great advantages of solar photovoltaic is the si$plicity of its installation( and a certi9ed installer will do $ost of the wor) for you% &owever( essential criteria are re+uired;
-Or%"n!!%on; :deally( the surface should 'e south facing at a /0-20> angle% Most far$ and industrial 'uilding roofs are not at this angle( 'ut the $ounting syste$ can 'e ad<usted to provide the output needed%

-.oc!%on: Avoid shade( although solar syste$s do not need direct sunlight to generate electricity( they will wor) $uch 'etter the $ore they receive% The "outh of England is 'est suited 'ecause it is generally sunnier( 'ut $ost
parts of England have su.cient daylight to $a)e it via'le%
-#r"$"nc" o? +r%& u!%(%!- !o ?""& !'" "("c!r%c%!- n"!wor@ u!'or%!-% The production of electricity will 'e sold to the national grid% "uita'le electrical installation $ust 'e close the installation and $eet local utility
interconnection re+uire$ents%
- The photovoltaic syste$ si?e depends on the pro<ect 'udget( the si?e of the roof 5for roof $ounted syste$s6 or the land 5for ground $ounted syste$s6 and on the type of solar $odules used%
B- Collect of information and technical surveys
"efore moving forward in the pro#ect, two things to do:
$ ollect the useful information: geographical position, building or land dimensions, sun irradiation, cadastre, maps, pictures, etc.
$ Topographical, building structure and environmental impact surveys.
The photovoltaic installation design is done by an renewable energy consultancy speciali%ed in photovoltaic system design and able to provide the most appropriate system based on the following criteria:
$&unlight and weather resistant materials for all outdoor e'uipment.$(rray location to minimi%e shading from foliage, vent pipes, and ad#acent structures.$&ystem design in compliance with all applicable
building and electrical codes.$&ystem design with a minimum of electrical losses due to wiring, fuses, switches, and inverters.$&ystem design meets local utility interconnection re'uirements. $)oof area or
other installation site is capable of handling the desired system si%e.
A- Estimating system output
PV systems produce power in proportion to the intensity of sunlight stri!ing the solar array surface. The intensity of light on a surface varies throughout a day, as well as day to day, so the actual output of a solar power system can vary substantial. There are other factors that affect the
output of a solar power system. These factors need to be understood so that the *unicipality has realistic e+pectations of overall system output and economic benefits under variable weather conditions over time.
$alculate your roof si%e to determine the ma+imum si%e of your PV system
$(naly%e the orientation of your roof, incline and shading to determine how much sunlight your system is able to capture and if your system operates near its rated efficiency
$&olar radiation of your geographical region
- Select the mounting system
(wide range covering all possible scenarios of photovoltaic installation, from the building integration to the PV plant on ground.
,round mounting system -n roof mounting system "IPV
$ !oo" mount is often the most convenient and appropriate place to put the PV array is on the roof of the building. The PV array may be mounted above and parallel to the roof surface with a standoff of several inches for cooling purposes. &ometimes, such as with flat roofs, a separate structure with a more optimal tilt angle is
mounted on the roof.
$ #round mounted solution that can be used in almost all !inds of situations, from residential to large commercial, right through to utility scale.
$ uilding-$ntegrated P% Array &$P%' is another type of system allows easy integration of framed photovoltaic modules into the roofs of buildings, old and new, whatever the e+isting structure. This smart and innovative system has been developed to be a versatile integrated solution.

A- Feed-in-tariff
(t this step of the pro#ect, it is valued the profitability according to the electricity production forecast on ./ years running of the PV installation considering the total
investment.
0eed In Tariff rewards solar PV up to /*1 capacity. The 0IT is designed to enable a )eturn on Investment ()-I) of /$23 per cent each year for well$sited PV installations.
Scale #eneration tari"" E(port tari"" Tari"" li"e time
)*+*,++ )*++,+) )*+),+-
./0 &ne1 2uilding' -34+ -34+ -- - )5
./0 &retro"it' .+4- .+4- -647 - )5
.-+*/0 -34+ -34+ -- - )5
+*-+**/0 -+4. -+4. )746 - )5
+**/0-5M0 )84- )84- )347 - )5
Stand-alone system )84- )84- )347 - )5
B- What to consider for solar PV finance:
$ #eneration Tari"": the price your energy supplier gives you for every unit of electricity produced, irrespective of whether you use it or e+port it.
$ E(port Tari"": a minimum of 4p5!1h for all electricity e+ported to the ,rid, this can be more depending on supplier and if you enter into a power purchase agreement. (s an interim measure, payment of e+port tariffs to generators of 43!1 or less will be made on the basis of
deemed or estimated e+ports. The amount of electricity deemed to be e+ported for solar PV generators will be /3 per cent 6 as a proportion of the metered generation output. (This will not apply if e+port meters are fitted).
$ Lo1er 2ills: account for the reduction in your energy bills if you use your own power.

B- What to consider for solar PV finance:
$ $nde( lin/ed: tariffs are lin!ed to the )etail Price Inde+ for electricity meaning your tariff will !eep pace with inflation.
$ Tari"" digression: the earlier you invest in renewable technologies, the greater the financial benefits. (fter .32. the tariffs start to reduce, owing to the pro#ected e+pansion of the PV mar!et (up to ./3*1 of new solar capacity by .322, compared to ..*1 in .337) which is e+pected to lead to lower technology
costs.
$ Capital grants: the scheme generally prohibits recipients of grants from receiving 0ITs as this would mean they get a double benefit.
#9ASE 4: #ER=ISSION #.ANNIN7
A- Documentation
$Permission to install is dependent on the view of the local planning authority that will ma!e a decision based on the views of the local planning committee.
$Environmental $mpact Assessment: an 8I( would be re'uired for an installation.
$Planning permission: ( Planning (pplication will need to be submitted with necessary supporting documents.
$Planning decision: local (uthority validates application and re'uests any missing documents )ecommendation to ommittee if not delegated and5or recommendation
P9ASE .: PE!M$SS$:; PLA;;$;#
B- Support scheme
hec! if installations above 9 !1p , must be registered on &upport structures process before an application is made to an 8lectricity &upplier.
(ll suppliers with more than /3! domestic customers must offer 0ITs, smaller suppliers can volunteer to do so. (list of :icensees can be found on the -fgem website. (generator can assign their right to 0ITs payments to a third party (nominated recipient) by way of bilateral
agreement.
C- Grid connection permit
The connection of the solar PV system re'uires any grid connection point will need to be completed based on regulations
#9ASE 5: SE.ECTION O; S<STE= / SU##.IER
A- Components of a PV system
The main components of a PV system include:
$ Solar panels, either mounted on the roof or the ground, or replacing the roof material.
$ $nverters< which turns the electricity from the panels into a form you can use for your home or business. onvert ; power into ( power.
$ System Monitoring provides feedbac! to the customer about the power and energy metering. 1ithout proper metering the customer will never !now whether the system is operating properly or not.
$ Mounting systems, on$roof, grounded or "IPV.
$ Ca2le and connectors, different length and section.
#9ASE 5: SE.ECTION O; S<STE= /
SU##.IER
B- Selection criteria
1hen choosing a supplier and specifying a PV system, the following criteria help the decision$ma!ing process:
$ ompany profile, reputation and references in similar pro#ects
$ Technical advantages and innovative products
$ <uality and certification (such as *&)
$ ompetitiveness
$ 1arranty and insurance
P9ASE 3: S=STEM $;STALLAT$:;
A - Set up the photovoltaic enerator
The ;$;ay has started. (fter months and months, the installation begins and can go on for days depending of the number of modules to install.
B - Wirin and commissionin
That=s the final steps to the commissioning. (ll the installation is wired. (fter a final inspection, the installation will be ready to produce electricity.
C - Grid connection
There will be a detailed procedure for this set out or referred to in the >construction and adoption> agreement which is not standard. There is no >legally set> process for testing and acceptance followed by adoption.
P9ASE 6: MA;A#EME;T :F T9E $;STALLAT$:;
A - !onitorin system
1ith the decision for a PV system, you also decide for a long$term source of income. It means that the system must function smoothly at all times. The best way to manage your PV installation and your production of electricity is to use monitoring devices:
Communication hu24 It continuously collects all the data from the
inverters on the system side, thereby !eeping you informed of the
&ystem=s status at any given time: system monitoring, remote diagnosis, data storage and visuali%ation of the production of electricity.

#9ASE 7: =ANA7E=ENT O; T9E
INSTA..ATION
A - !onitorin system
0e2 portal "or pro"essional management4 1hether for a small home
system or a large solar par!, central administration and monitoring of
several PV plants saves time and money. Plant operators, installers
and inverter manufacturer service technicians have access to !ey data
at any time, from any location. The yields of all inverters in a plant are
compared fully automatically, permitting detection of even the smallest
deviations.
Large-scale display. ( large$format display visualises yield, performance and -. reduction of PV systems in large, luminous figures. it derives the display data from the communication hub via the 8thernet interface.

P9ASE 6: MA;A#EME;T :F T9E $;STALLAT$:;
B - !aintenance
8ven if maintenance is minimal, there are no moving parts in the installation, so it is almost maintenance free. ?owever, it is re'uired to regularly inspect the installation:
$ @eep modules clean: If the PV installation is located in a dusty place and it doesn=t rain fre'uently, it is recommended to clean the modules (e.g. birds de#ection).
$ onnectors: chec! if all the connectors are properly plugged and if no scratch or damage appear on cables.
$ Protection devices: chec! if all the protection devices are in operation.
$ *ounting system: chec! if no damage on the installation rac!s.
$ 8lectrical measurement on specific parts (inverters).

P9ASE 7: E;>-L$FE :F T9E $;STALLAT$:;
A - !ore than "# years of production
;epending on the feed$in$tariff scheme and the right to run the installation, the PV system can still run after ./ years. Indeed, the end of the 0IT contract between the installation=s owner and the grid authority, doesnAt mean the modules will stop produce electricity.
The
production of electricity will be use for your own consumption and will allow you to reduce your electricity bills.
B - Decommissionin
In some cases, land or roof are a concession for ./ years, and it will be re'uired to dismount the full PV system. In that case, at the construction of the system, special material are used in order to recycle them after the life$time (e.g. use of ground screws instead of
concrete foundation to avoid ground contamination).
P9ASE 7: E;>-L$FE :F T9E $;STALLAT$:;
C - $ecyclin
The PV industry is wor!ing to create truly sustainable energy solutions that ta!e into consideration the environmental impacts of all stages of the product life cycle, from raw material
sourcing through end$of$life collection and recycling. (lthough the PV industry is young, leading manufacturers embrace the concept of producer responsibility and have
come together to put in place a voluntary, industry$wide ta!e$bac! and recycling programme. "y addressing future recycling needs now, it can be offered a truly sustainable energy
solution today to help prevent climate change tomorrow.
F?;>$;#,F$;A;C$;# A P% P!:@ECT
Current Fundin

$ Photovoltaics are one of the priorities of the current Bth 0ramewor! Programme (0PB, .33B$.324).
$ Intelligent 8nergy $ 8urope programme managed by the 8+ecutive (gency for ompetitiveness and Innovation (8(I) is the 8CAs tool for funding action to improve these conditions and move us towards a more energy intelligent 8urope.
$ 8uropean Investment "an! (8I")
$ 8:8D(
F?;>$;#,F$;A;C$;# A P% P!:@ECT
What are the selection criteria%
The 8I" will select the investment programmes to be supported under 8:8D( based on the following criteria:
E eligibility of an applicant from an I88 participating country: all 8C *ember &tates, Dorway, Iceland,:iechtenstein and roatiaF
E eligibility of the planned investment programme
E potential ban!ability of the pro#ect
E applicantAs financial and technical capacity to implement and complete the pro#ect
E e+pected contribution to the ob#ectives of the >.3$.3$.3> initiative in terms of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing the share of renewables in energy consumption and improving energy efficiency
;UN)IN7/;INANCIN7 A #2 #ROAECT
What is the procedure for applyin for an &'&(A%
There will be no calls for proposals and assistance will be granted on a first$come first$served basis within the limits of the given budget.
To start the discussion to see! assistance from 8:8D(, the following minimum information should be presented to the 8I" in a pre$application stage:
E "rief description of the planned investment programme, including type of investments and approach for implementation of the programmeF
E 8+pected investment cost and schedule to develop the programmeF
E (mount, scope and main needs to be addressed by the re'uested technical assistance.
;UN)IN7/;INANCIN7 A #2 #ROAECT
"ased on the information provided in the pre$application stage, the 8I" will assess whether the proposal meets the selection criteria, and the
need for technical assistance of the specific investment programme. (
positive outcome of this first assessment will allow for a re'uest for assistance to be prepared and submitted to the 8I" using the application
form. The "an! will then present the proposal to the 8uropean ommission for approval. The selection procedure will ta!e around three months.
F?;>$;#,F$;A;C$;# A P% P!:@ECT
0hat is the in"ormation to 2e provided in the Application Form to 2e su2mitted to the E$ "or approval &"ollo1ing a "irst con"irmation that the proposal seems to meet the selection
criteria'A
If the preliminary review performed by the 8I" indicates that the investment is potentially eligible for 8:8D(,the pro#ect team will send an application form to the promoter to be completed with details
related to the pro#ect, such as:
F?;>$;#,F$;A;C$;# A P% P!:@ECT
In relation to the investment programme/project
E &tatement of candidateAs commitment to the ob#ectives of the 0acility
E ;escription of the planned investment by sector
E 8+pected overall investment costs by sector
E 8+pected leverage factor
E 0inancing plan for the investment
E Implementation timetable for the investment
E ;escription of the ma#or elements of the institutional, organisational and contractual set$up of the investment
E 8+pected results in terms of increase in energy efficiency, decrease in energy consumption,renewable energy production or reduction of greenhouse gas emissions
F?;>$;#,F$;A;C$;# A P% P!:@ECT
In relation to the ELENAtechnical support
E Total amount re'uested
E ;escription of the e+pected support and its scope
E ;escription of the ma#or elements of the support
E ;etailed cost brea!down of the support
E Implementation timetable and disbursement forecast
E Information on other subsidies or grants received, if applicable
E ;escription of the main e+pected impacts of the pro#ect development support
E *ar!et replication potential for other municipalities or public bodies
E ;raft of the Terms of )eference for launching the technical support
T9A;B =:?
Panos Antoniades
Technical >irector C Stratagem Energy Ltd

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