INTERNET BROADBAND

ITTM, Delhi
Definition of Broadband

An always-on' data connection that is able to support
interactive services including Internet access.
According to Broadband policy 2004,has the capability
of the minimum download speed of 256 kilo bits per
second (kbps) to an individual subscriber from the Point
Of Presence (POP) of the service provider.
According to New Telecom policy 2011, minimum
download speed should be 512 kbps.
It provides Internet, IPTV and VoIP simultaneously
along with basic telephone service.


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What is ADSL ?
Asymmetrical digital subscriber line (ADSL) is emerging as the optimal solution to high-speed
Internet access technology. ADSL matches the asymmetric pattern of Internet traffic with speeds of
up to 8 Mb/s downstream from the network to the end user, and up to 640 kb/s upstream from the
end user to the network. Because ADSL can transmit both voice and data simultaneously over an
existing, single copper pair up to 5.5 KM long, it is the perfect solution for service providers to meet
the increasing customer demand for faster Internet access. With its amazing speed and economical
use of the installed base of copper cable, ADSL keeps the service cost low for both service
providers and end users.

An ADSL system consists of the following components:
ADSL transceiver unit-central office (ATU-C), also referred to as DSLAM

ADSL transceiver unit-remote (ATU-R), also referred to as an ADSL modem

Splitter low pass filter for separating POTS from ADSL

Digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM) Multiplexes many ADSL copper lines into
one Ethernet uplink fiber and include the splitter in ATU-C Frame.
Splitter- a low pass filter.
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Freq. spectrum used in Broadband
4 KHz
26 KHz 138 KHz
1 . 1 MHz
UPSTREAM
DOWNSTREAM
ADSL Bandwidth
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Traditional plain old telephone service (POTS) uses a narrow 4-kHz baseband frequency
to transmit analog voice signals. This means that even with sophisticated modulation
techniques, current modem technology can only achieve throughput of up to 56 kb/s.
To attain a much higher throughput of up to 8 Mb/s, ADSL increases the usable
frequency range from 4 kHz to 1.1 MHz. Frequency division multiplexing (FDM) then
allows ADSL to create multiple frequency bands to carry upstream and downstream
data simultaneously with the POTS signal over the same copper pair. The lower 4-
kHz frequency range is reserved for POTS, the middle frequency band is used to
transmit upstream data, and the larger, higher frequency band is used for
downstream data.

Modulation Techniques
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xDSL, is a family of technologies that provides digital data
transmission over the wires of a local telephone network
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) exploits the unused analogue
bandwidth that is potentially available in the wires that run from
the user premises to the local exchange
The phone system nominally passes audio between 0.3 KHz
and 3.4 KHz, which is regarded as the range required for human
speech to be clearly intelligible. This is known as voiceband or
commercial bandwidth
The local loop connecting the telephone exchange to most
subscribers is capable of carrying frequencies well beyond the 3.4
kHz upper limit of POTS.
DSL takes advantage of this unused bandwidth of the local loop
for carrying data.

XDSL
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HOW XDSL WORKS
These technologies provide high rate, bi-directional data
communications by using elaborate modulation and error
correction schemes which send and receive frequencies above 20
kHz - and therefore above the hearing range of humans.
With appropriate filtering at each end of the twisted pair, many
of these approaches also allow an ordinary analogue Plain Old
Telephone System (POTS) telephone service to continue to
operate on the same line.
If this filtering can be achieved without the need for external
power at the customer site, this preserves existing life-line
telephone services, while providing a bi-directional multi-megabit-
per-second digital communication path to each home or office.
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Advantages of DSL Technology
DSL is more cost-effective because it eliminates the need
for extensive and expensive infrastructure upgrades.

Increased Bandwidth capacity in the existing
infrastructure.

The speed is much higher than a regular voice band
modem.

Voice and data can be transmitted at the same time.

Very Secure and reliable.
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Symmetric bandwidth corresponds to the situation when the maximum rate of transfer is the
same in both directions i.e. upload and download speed.

Asymmetric bandwidth corresponds to the situation when the maximum rate of transfer is
different in each direction. A typical case might be a DSL line with 768 kbps upload and 2
Mbps download.

Asymmetric DSL Standards
======================
ADSL: (Full Rate asymmetrical DSL)
G.lite ADSL (or simply G.lite)
RADSL: (rate adaptive DSL)
VDSL (Very high bit rate DSL)

Symmetric DSL Standards
====================
SDSL: (Symmetric DSL)
SHDSL (Single-pair high-speed DSL)
HDSL: (High bit rate DSL)
HDSL2: (2nd generation HDSL)
IDSL: (Integrated services digital network DSL)

Symmetric Vs Asymmetric
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ASYMMETRIC DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE
Splitter
Splitter
EXCHANGE
ADSL
LT
ISP
Exchange
Eqpt .
Existing
Copper Lines
ADSL MODEM
Telephone
Exchange
Telephone Line
Telephone
MTNL Broadband N/W
Internet Gateway
( Broadband)
PC
DSL Modem
VoIP

SOFT SWITCH
Telephone
Analog
Telephone
Adaptor
HEAD END
EQUIPMENT

(ENCODERS)
DVD
Set Top Box
TV
IPTV And VOIP (Triple Play Service)
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IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) delivers television
programming to households via a broadband
connection using Internet protocols. It requires a IPTV
set-top box, and offers key advantages over existing TV
cable and satellite technologies. IPTV is typically
bundled with other services like Video on Demand
(VOD), voice over IP (VOIP) or digital phone, and Web
access, collectively referred to as Triple Play.

IPTV : Brief Definition
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DSLAM - INTRODUCTION
Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM) is a network device,
located in the telephone exchanges of the service providers, that connects
multiple customer Digital Subscriber Lines (DSLs) to a high-speed Internet
backbone line using multiplexing techniques.
In terms of the OSI 7 Layer Model, the DSLAM acts like a massive network
switch, since its functionality is purely Layer 2.
The aggregated signal then loads onto backbone switching equipment, travelling
through an access network (AN) also known as a Network Service Provider
(NSP) at speeds of up to 10 Gbit/s and connecting to the Internet-backbone.
The DSLAM, functioning as a switch, collects the ADSL modem data (connected
to it via twisted or non-twisted pair copper wire) and multiplexes this data via the
gigabit link that physically plugs into the DSLAM itself, into the Telco's
backbone.

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TYPES OF DSLAMS IN MTNL
A DSLAM delivers exceptionally high-speed data transmission over existing
copper telephone lines. A DSLAM separates the voice-frequency signals from
the high-speed data traffic and controls and routes digital subscriber line
(xDSL) traffic between the subscriber's end-user equipment (CPE) and
Broadband Access Server or BBRAS, but it may not be a direct
connection; the BBRAS can be located anywhere.

DSLAMs of following make are installed in MTNL:
ERICSSON (Ethernet DSL Access)
HUAWEI (SMARTAX MA 5600)
ALCATEL (7302 ISAM)
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DSLAM PORT NAMING
PORT TYPE
PORT
NAMING
TYPE OF DSLAM
ERICSSON XYYZTTTT
X: DSLAM TYPE
YY: DSLAM NO. (01, 02 ETC)
Z: SUBRACK NO.(1, 2, 3, 4)
TTTT: PORT NO. (0001 TO 1152)
A 1152 PORTS
B 576 PORTS
C 288 PORTS
HUAWEI XYYZTTTT
X: DSLAM TYPE (I, J, K)
YY: DSLAM NO. (01, 02 ETC)
Z: SUBRACK NO.
TTTT: PORT NO. (0001 TO 0960)
I 960 PORTS
J 480 PORTS
K 240 PORTS
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PHYSICAL CONNECTIONS
20
Local
Exchange
MTNL
Line MDF
MTNL
Exch MDF
MTNL Copper
< 5Km
DSLAM
Exch MDF
DSLAM
Line MDF
IP
DSLAM
MTNL
Fiber Network
2x GigE
fiber
Tier 2
Switch
MDF
Ethernet
Or USB
RJ-11
2-wire
2-wire
2-wire
Exchange RSU/MSU
Customer home
Spiltter
DSL Modem
DSL OVERVIEW-DSL CONNECTIVITY
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ATM is a switched, connection-oriented networking technology
that provides dedicated, high-speed connections to virtually an
unlimited number of users. It operates on a cell-based fast-
packet communication method that supports transfer rates from
1.544 Mbps to 10 Gbps.
Dedicated media connections running in parallel allow an ATM
switch to simultaneously support multiple conversations.
When Data is transferred in an ATM network, a switched virtual
circuit (SVC) is established between the sender and receiver.
The information is converted into fixed-length cells, which are
transmitted through the network and reassembled into data
packets at the destination.
ATM Technology
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ATM networks are fundamentally connection oriented. This
means that a virtual connection needs to be established across
the ATM network prior to any data transfer. ATM virtual
connections are of two general types:
Virtual path connections (VPCs), identified by a VPI.
Virtual channel connections (VCCs), identified by the
combination of a VPI and a VCI.
A virtual path is a bundle of virtual channels, all of which are
switched transparently across the ATM network on the basis of
the common VPI. A VPC can be thought of as a bundle of
VCCs with the same VPI value.
VPI identifies the virtual path to be used by the cell during
transmission and VCI identifies the channel to be used. PTI
tells the content of the data portion. It tells the priority of the
cell.
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ATM Virtual Path And Virtual Channel Connections
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Within the block identified as 'Service provider', there are three important components:
DSLAM - DSL Access Multiplexer
A Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM) is a network device, usually at a
telephone company central office, that receives signals from multiple customer Digital
Subscriber Line (DSL) connections and puts the signals on a high-speed backbone line
using multiplexing techniques.
BBRAS - Broadband Remote Access Server
The BBRAS is the piece of equipment that sits between the DSLAM at the telephone
exchange and the ISP that connects to the Internet.
ISP - Internet Service Provider
The Broadband Access Servers are connected to an Internet Service Provider or ISP.
This is the place where the connection to the Internet is made.

DSLAM (DSL Access Multiplexer)

LOCAL
LOOP
OF
D
S
L
A
M
B
R
A
S
I
S
P
INTER
NET

Ericsson network
Element

BBRAS 6
T1 7
T2 42 (Working as on date)
DSLAM 445
Radius 1 (From M/s Oracle Product
name Portal)

Connectivity to Gateways
. All the internet traffic is coming from DSLAM
to T2, the from T2 to T1, from T1 to BBRAS as
layer 2 traffic. All the BBRAS's are connected to
Two switches (known as Aggregation A and
Aggregation B) using fiber cable. And these
switches are connected to two gateways
routers (4th floor and 9th floor) with six pairs of
fibers. That is from Agg-A Three pairs of fibers
are going to gateway 1 and Three pairs of fibers
are going to gateway 2. Same is the case with
Agg - B switch.

Network Elements in Huawei
system

Network Elements in Huawei system
NETWORK ELEMENTS
NETWORK
ELEMENTS
Huawei Product
Model
Total
Number of
Elements
BRAS MA5200G-8
8
Tier-I NE80E
8
Tier-II S6506
64
DSLAM MA5600 629
EMS Client iManagerN2000 30
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Network Overview
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Ericsson Broadband Network

RADIUS
Remote Authentication Dial In User
Service
Concept of AAA
Authentication
Authorization
Accounting
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How Broadband Service Works?
3 Authentication
system checks
account &password
BRAS allocates valid
IP
BBRAS
Radius
Server
Lan
switch
Core
R
5Billing
server start
accounting
2PPPoE
session
ends here
and session
ID is
allocated
1
PPPoE
is
initiated
by
subscrib
er
4
Subscriber
gets IP and
visit Internet
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BB Service Flow
PC CPE DSLAM T2 T1 BRAS

Service flow begins from Client BRAS which terminated
PPP sessions.
The process for user connection to internet is:
1. Client starts pppoe session by using pppoe software.
2. ADSL modem translates IP packets into ATM cell.
3. DSLAM recovers ATM cells to IP packets.
4. DSLAM uses Q-in-Q protocol/VMAC, which adds a new vlan
/vmac tag to the recovered IP packets. Each user has a
respective vlan/vmac.
5. T2 forwards IP packet to T1 & T1 transfers the IP packets to
BRAS.
6. BRAS also supports Q-in-Q protocol /vmac according to
different outer vlan and inner vlan to identify Different
users.
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LAN Switches
Important features of LAN Switch:
Supports multiple service VLANs
Aggregates links towards T1 switch or BRAS
Supports multicasting
Controls flow of Ethernet frames
Ensures QoS for different types of traffic
Allows management through CLI, Console, Telnet,
SNMP and System log


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T1/T2/Aggregation/NOC Switches
Definition: They are LAN switches
used for aggregating and cross-
connecting clients, servers and
other network devices.
Devices used in MTNL: 3COM
7700 LAN Switches
(ERICSSON) and NE80E T-1
Switch, S6506 T-2 Switch
(HUAWEI)
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Broadband Remote Access Server (BRAS)
Definition: BRAS is a network
device used to route traffic to
and from broadband remote
access devices such as DSLAM
on an ISP network. It aggregates
users sessions from access
network and plays major role
policy management and QoS.
Devices used in MTNL: Juniper
ERX 1440 (ERICSSON) &
MA5200G-8 (HUAWEI)
ITTM, Delhi
BRAS
Important Features:
Aggregates the circuits from access devices such as DSLAMs
Provides layer 2 connectivity through either transparent bridging or PPP sessions
over Ethernet
Enforces quality of service (QoS) policies
Provides layer 3 connectivity and routes IP traffic through Internet service
providers backbone network to the Internet
Thanks
..Broadband Faculty, ITTM