Chapter 6 Data & Info MGMT

TCT0113 INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Chapter 6

Management & Science University
Chapter 6
DATA AND INFORMATION
MANAGEMENT

Chapter 6

Classic Management Functions
Planning devising plans for the organization
and setting goals to achieve the plan
Organizing deciding how to use the
organizations resources
Staffing hiring and training workers
Directing guiding employees to perform their
work in a way that supports the organizations
goals
Controlling monitoring the organizations
progress toward reaching its goals

Chapter 6

Levels of Management
Strategic level
Tactical level
Operational level

Chapter 6

Strategic Level
Managers at this level are often called
executives
Focus long-range view of the firm
Primary function planning
Return

Chapter 6

Tactical Level
middle managers
Focus carrying out the visions of top-
level managers
Primary functions organizing and staffing

Return

Chapter 6

Operational Level
supervisors
Focus meeting that days objectives
Primary functions directing and
controlling
Return

Chapter 6

Add,
change,
and delete
data
Create
database
Sort
and
retrieve
data
Create
forms
and
reports
Databases, Data and Information
What is a database?
p. 332
Next
Database software
allows you to
Collection of data
organized so
you can access,
retrieve, and
use it
Database software
also called database
management system
(DBMS)

Chapter 6

Data and Information
How are data and information related?
p. 332 Fig. 9-1
Next
Data is raw facts
Information is data that is organized and meaningful

Computers process data into information

Chapter 6

What is data integrity?
p. 333
Next
Defines the quality of
the data
Garbage in, garbage
out (GIGO)computer
phrase that means you
cannot create correct
information from
incorrect data
Garbage out
Garbage in
Data integrity
is lost

Chapter 6

DATA INTEGRITY
Data integrity identify the quality of the data
An erroneous member address in member database
is an example of incorrect data.
When a database contain this type of error, it looses
integrity.
The more error the data contains, the lower its
integrity.
It is important because computer and people use
information to make decision and take action.
It wrong information provided, the decision may be
wrong.

Chapter 6

Useful
Accessible
Organized
What are the qualities of valuable information?
p. 334
Next
Timely
Verifiable
Accurate
Cost-effective

Chapter 6

Files and Databases
Traditionally, information systems were
developed with a file processing approach
Database approach creates separate files
for each entity

Chapter 6

File Processing Versus Databases
How do a
database
application
and a file
processing
application
differ in the
way they store
data?
p. 342 Fig. 9-10
Next

Chapter 6

File System Approach
Each application had its own file
Data was not shared among applications
Resulted in a great deal of data redundancy,
the repetition of the same data values
Increased the risk of inaccurate data
Increased the amount of storage space needed

Chapter 6

Isolated
datadata
stored in
separate files
so it is
difficult to
access
What is a file processing system?
Data
redundancy
same fields
stored in
multiple files
Each
department or
area within
organization
has own set of
files
May have
weaknesses
Records in one
file may not
relate to
records in any
other file

Chapter 6

3. Design the records and fields
for each table
2. Design the tables
1. Determine the purpose of the database
4. Determine the
relationships among
the tables
Design tables on paper first
Each table should contain
data about one subject
Database Administration
What are guidelines for developing a database?
p. 351 Fig. 9-20
Next
Be sure every record has a unique
primary key
Use separate fields for logically
distinct items
Do not create fields for information
that can be derived from entries in
other fields
Allow enough space for each field
Set default values for frequently
entered data

Chapter 6

The Database Approach
A collection of related tables
In database technology,
a file is called a table
Each entity is stored in a
separate table
Tables are linked by a
relationship between
primary and foreign keys


Chapter 6

What is the database approach?
Many programs and users can share data in database
Secures data so only authorized users can access certain data
Database approach creates separate files for each entity

Chapter 6

What are the strengths of the database approach?
Reduced
data
redundancy
Improved
data
integrity
Shared
data
Easier
access
Reduced
development
time

Chapter 6

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
The Hierarchy of Data
Field a group of one or more characters that has a specific
meaning
The smallest meaningful unit of data
Describes one characteristic of a person, place, or thing
Record the set of fields containing data about a person, place,
or thing
File a collection of related records

Chapter 6

Database Management Systems
What are popular database management systems (DBMSs)?
p. 343
Next

Chapter 6

Primary Key
A field that uniquely identifies a record
SalesID can be a primary key for the
Salesperson table
Once a SalesID appears in the table, no other
salesperson can have that ID


Chapter 6

Foreign Key
A field in one table that is a primary key in
another table
SalesID can be used in the Customer table to
identify the salesperson who serves that
customer
The same SalesID can appear in many
customer records (a salesperson can serve
many customers)


Chapter 6

Database Administration
What is the role of the database analyst and
administrator?
Database analyst (DA) Database administrator
(DBA)
Decides proper placement
of fields, defines
relationships, and
identifies users access
privileges
Creates and maintains data
dictionary, manages
database security,
monitors database
performance, and checks
backup and recovery
procedures

Chapter 6 Data & Info MGMT

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