 Digestion

 Absorption

 Elimination
 Digestive System

 The purpose
 define the
function of each
organ
 the pathway
food takes
through the
digestive tract
 Digestive System
 The organs and
parts of the
digestive pathway:
 Oral cavity
 Pharynx
 Esophagus
 Stomach
 Small Intestine
 Large Intestine
Digestive System

 Teeth
 Tongue
 Liver
 Pancreas
 The process that breaks down food
into substances that can be absorbed
by the body for energy, growth, and
repair.
 Ingestion:
Mouth, Teeth & Tongue
 The function of the mouth is
to ingest food sources
 The teeth are used for
mastication
 breaking food down into
smaller pieces to be
 The tongue forms food into a
ball to prepare for
swallowing
 Ingestion:
Mouth, Teeth & Tongue

 The mouth, teeth, and tongue play a

role in mechanical digestion.
 Mechanical digestion physically
prepares food for chemical digestion
by enzymes.
Salivary Glands
 Secretes saliva
 a watery solution
containing an
enzyme that starts
the digestion
 Cleanses the mouth
 Dissolves food
chemicals
 Moisten food
 Salivary Glands
 The salivary glands begin the
process of chemical digestion.
Pharynx
 After leaving the mouth, food
is passed on to the pharynx.
 As you swallow:
 Uvula: prevents food from
passing into the nasal
cavity.
 Epiglottis: prevent food from
entering the respiratory
tract.
 Esophagus
 Primary Function;  Food passes
 Carry foods and through the
liquids to pharynx into the
stomach esophagus
 Peristalsis moves  Extends from the

food though the pharynx to the

digestive tract stomach
 Stomach
 Located below the
esophagus
 A hollow, saclike
organ
 Consists of three
layers of muscles
 Flexible, allowing it
to expand when you
eat.
 Stomach
 A temporary “storage tank” where
the chemical breakdown of proteins
begin.
 The food is mixed together with
gastric juices, secretions from the
stomach’s lining
 containing pepsin and hydrochloric acid.
 Stomach
 As the stomach fills:
 stomach contract
 churn the food and
gastric juices together
 This produces chyme
 a creamy, fluid mixture
of food and gastric
juices .
 The passage of digested food from the
digestive tract into the circulatory system.
 The small intestine is the major absorption site.
Small Intestine
 The major part of
digestion and absorption
 20 to 23 feet in length
 Secretions from the
pancreas, liver, and
intestinal juices complete
the chemical breakdown
of all food.
 Small Intestine
 Millions of fingerlike  Once food particles
projections called villi enter the
 Each villus contains a capillaries in the
network of capillaries villi, they are
which absorb carried throughout
digested food the body by the
particles from the
blood.
small intestine.
 Peristalsis moves
the chyme from
the stomach into
 Small Intestine
 Three parts to the  Ileum
small intestine  Allow one way
 Duodenum
flow into the
 Food enters here
from the stomach
large intestine.
 Jejunum

 The middle section

of the SI
The Liver & Pancreas
 Liver: 2nd largest organ
in the body.
 The function of the

liver is to clean the

blood of toxins then
excrete them into
the bile.
 Bile is a yellowish-

green, bitter fluid

important in the
breakdown of fats.
 Liver & Pancreas
 The pancreas produces 3 enzymes:
 Trypsin, which digests proteins
 Amylase, which digests carbohydrates

 Lipase, which digests fats

 Located in the C of the SI’s duodenum.

 Gallbladder
 Storage organ for bile
produced from liver
 Located below the
liver
 The small intestine
stimulates the release
of bile into the
duodenum.
 Not required for
digestion
 Large Intestine

 Starts Ascending the colon

 Ends at the anus.
 A.K.A. the colon

 5 to 6 feet long
 Large Intestine
 Unabsorbed materials:
 leave the small intestine in the form of liquid
and fiber
 enter the large intestine

 Absorbs most remaining

 Water
 Vitamins
 The expulsion of undigested food or body
wastes.
Elimination
 Harmless bacteria in the
large intestine change
the consistency of the
undigested food into a
semisolid waste, called
feces
 Feces passes from the
body through the anus
 Termed “bowel
movement”
Activity: Reconstructive
Surgery
 Lifestyle & Dietary
Factors
 Eat at least 3 servings from a variety
of fruits and vegetables to avoid
constipation
 Practice good hand washing hygiene
 Throw food away after it falls on the
floor
 Wash all foods before eating
 Decrease caffeine consumption
 Medications
 Some over the counter drugs that will help
aid in the relief of constipation and diarrhea.
 Diarrhea
a. Imodium AD
b. Pepto-Bismol
 Constipation

a. Citrucel
b. Ex-Lax
Stats of Constipation &
Diarrhea
Deaths due to Constipation & Diarrhea

Constipation
17%

Infectious Diarrhea
Constipation

Infectious
Diarrhea
83%
 Create your own digestive tract
 Each group will be representing a different part
the digestive tract
 The group will stand in front of the class and
present the pathway of food from ingestion to
excretion
 Each person will state the organ they are and
their function
 Be creative and have fun with the activity