Gas turbines have been used for electricity

generation.

Gas turbine are ideal for this application as
they can be started and stopped quickly.

Over the last ten years there have been major
improvements to the sizes and efficiencies of
these gas turbines.

Gas turbine functions in the same way as the
Compressed Ignition Engine. It sucks in air
from the atmosphere, compresses it.

The fuel is injected and ignited. The gases
expand doing work and finally exhausts
outside.

The only difference is instead of the
reciprocating motion, gas turbine uses a
rotary motion throughout.

Working of Gas Turbine
Actual view of gas turbine
1. Compressor

2. Combustor

3. Turbine


1. Compressor
The compressor sucks the air from the atmosphere
and compresses it and guides it to the combustion
chamber.
This is an annular chamber where the fuel burns
and is similar to the furnace in a boiler. The air
from the compressor is the Combustion air.
2. Combustor
Stationary guide vanes of turbine direct the
gases to the next set of blades. The kinetic
energy of the hot gases impacting on the
blades rotates the blades and the shaft.
3. Turbine
A. On basis of combustion process:
1. Continuous combustion or Constant
pressure type
2. The explosion or constant volume type
B. On basis of path of working substance:
1. Open cycle gas turbine
2. Closed cycle gas turbine
C. On basis of action of expanding gases:
1. Impluse turbine
2. Impulse- Reaction turbine
D. On the basis of direction of flow:
1. Axial flow
2. Radial flow






Open Cycle Gas turbine


Fresh air is drawn into the
compressor from
atmosphere.

Heat is added by
combustion of fuel.

Exhaust from turbine is
released in atmosphere.

Arrangement of continuous
replacement of working
medium is required.



Closed Cycle Gas turbine
In this , cycle is closed
and exhaust is not open
to atmosphere.

In this there is
continuously supply of
same working gas.

Higher density gases
like hydrogen or carbon
dioxide is used.

So we get higher
efficiency then open cycle
GT.






Brayton cycle
Comparison b/w Gas & Steam Turbine
Application of GTs
Advantages & Disadvantages of GT

Process 1-2:
Isentropic compression in the compressor
Process 2-3:
Addition of heat at constant pressure
Process 3-4:
Isentropic expansion of air
Process 4-1:
Rejection of heat at constant pressure

Actual Brayton cycle

1-2 (adiabatic process )
Compression.
2-3 (isobaric process )
Heat addition.
3-4 (adiabatic process )
Expansion.
4-1 (isobaric process )
Heat rejection.


GAS TURBINE

Use high energy fuel directly for combustion
Simple in use
The gases leaving gas turbine are so hot they can be
used in waste heat recovery boiler
Gas turbine are more expensive
More flexibility


Steam turbine doesnt use the fuel directly

Little complex in use and takes time to start

Less flexible in startup

Less expensive

The Gas Turbine Plant is simple in Design and
Construction. It has few Reciprocating Parts and is
lighter in weight.

In Steam Turbine Plant, water is used for cooling
purpose, hence there are chances of Freezing in winter
nights. There are no likelihood of Freezing in Gas
Turbine Plant.

The Gas Turbine is quite useful in the regions where
due to scarcity it is not possible to supply water in
abundance for raising steam.
Applications
Turbojet engines

Marine field

Railway engines

Generation of
electrical power
Applications

Nearly all the military aircrafts are powered by gas turbine.

These are used for the higher generation of power in plane.






As there is cut off the auxiliary engine gas turbine gets
started

As the speed of the plane increases the compressor gets
rotated and compresses the air that gets combusted in
combustion chamber

Then the exhaust gases are thrown out




High power-to-weight ratio, compared to
reciprocating engines
Smaller than most reciprocating engines of the
same power rating
Fewer moving parts than reciprocating
engines
Low operating pressures
High operation speeds
Low lubricating oil cost and consumption

Higher Cost

Less efficient than reciprocating engines

Longer startup than reciprocating engines

Less responsive to changes in power demand
compared to reciprocating engines


THANK YOU