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Indian Experiences on Microsurfacing : An Innovative
Technology for Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Sanjay eori
Scientist
!entral Road Research Institute
"Council of Scientific & Industrial Research#
$e% elhi"India#
&'
th
(e)ruary *+&&
$e% elhi
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,utline of -resentation

A)out Microsurfacing

$eed and Importance of Microsurfacing in India

Advantages of Microsurfacing

Specifications Adopted for Microsurfacing

Applications and Implementation of Microsurfacing

-rojects in India

Environmental .enefits (rom Microsurfacing

!onclusions
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Microsurfacing
A mixture consisting of :
ense/graded crushed aggregates
-olymer 0 latex modified )itumen
emulsion
1ater
Mineral filler "cement#2 and
!hemical additive

cold slurry paving system

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-urposes

-reventive maintenance treatment

3sed )oth on asphalt and concrete surfaces

3sed on ur)an roads2 high%ays and airfield pavements

Addresses raveling and surface oxidation pro)lems

Improves surface friction "s4id resistance#

(ills ruts and minor surface irregularities

Seals the pavement surface

Microsurfacing
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$eed and Importance of Microsurfacing in India

5A study conducted in elhi estimates that a)out &+2+++ people die

every year due to the complications caused )y air pollution %hich
comes to more than one death every hour67

Another study conducted in elhi revealed that :

"a# 8ehicular pollution is responsi)le for 9: ; of elhi<s total pollution
")# !oal )ased thermal plants are responsi)le for &=; of elhi<s total
pollution
"c# Industrial units including hot mix plants are responsi)le for &*; of
elhi<s total pollution
"d# omestic sources are responsi)le for '; of elhi<s total pollution

In &>'?2 a -I@ %as filed in the Aon<)le Supreme !ourt to ta4e urgent
steps to help reduce elhi<s air pollution in the interest of pu)lic health7
-re/!$G Era in elhi
-re/!$G Era in elhi
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$eed and Importance of Microsurfacing in India
".# !lose do%n or shift all the
haBardous and polluting industries
from territory of elhi
"!# Enforce use of lo% ash coal po%er
plants located in elhi
"# !lose do%n or shift all the stone
crushers2 hot mix plants and )ric4
4ilns from territory of elhi
In &>>'2 Aon<)le Supreme !ourt of India directed the Government of elhi
In &>>'2 Aon<)le Supreme !ourt of India directed the Government of elhi
"A# To introduce !ompressed $atural Gas"!$G# in running of vehicles
"especially pu)lic transport modes li4e Autos and .uses#
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@arge amount of energy "fuel# is reCuired

during production2 transportation2 laying
and compaction of hot asphalt mixes

@arge amount of energy "fuel# is reCuired

during production2 transportation2 laying
and compaction of hot asphalt mixes
$eed and Importance of Microsurfacing in India
-roduces !,
*
"Green Aouse Gas#2
particulate matters"-M#2 $,
x
2 S,
*
2!,2

8olatile ,rganic !ompounds"8,!# and
AaBardous Air -ollutants"AA-#
-roduces !,
*
"Green Aouse Gas#2
particulate matters"-M#2 $,
x
2 S,
*
2!,2

8olatile ,rganic !ompounds"8,!# and
AaBardous Air -ollutants"AA-#
Aot Mix Asphalt
Aot Mix Asphalt
@ed to Searching (or An Alternative 5!old Mix Technology6
@ed to Searching (or An Alternative 5!old Mix Technology6

ose not increase the pavement height

oes not reCuire Aeating of mix and doing !ompaction

oes not affect the environment as %ell as human

health

oes not reCuire too much of manpo%er2 machinery

and eCuipments etc7

!an )e constructed during day and even night time

Advantages of Microsurfacing
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Specifications Adopted for Microsurfacing
Items Type II " D to 9 mm# Type III " 9 to ' mm#
Application ur)an roads2 rural
roads and residential
streets2 as preventive
and rene%al
treatment7
primary and inter/state
routes2 high%ays and
run%ays to give maximum
s4id resistance 2 preventive
and rene%al treatment
Euantity of mix
" 4g0m
*
#
?7D to &+7' '7& to &97=
Residual .inder
" ; )y %t7 of dry agg7#
97? to &+7? ?7? to &+7?
Sieve siBe -ercent passing " )y %eight#
Type II "D/9 mm# Type III "9/'mm#
>7? mm &++ &++
D7:? mm >+/&++ :+/>+
*7=9 mm 9?/>+ D?/:+
&7&' mm D?/:+ *'/?+
9++ micron =+/?+ &>/=D
=++ micron &'/=+ &*/*?
&?+ micron &+/*& :/&'
:? micron ?/&? ?/&?
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Grading of Aggregates
Grading of Aggregates
"ISSA S-E!I(I!ATI,$ A&D=#
Types of Microsurfacing
Types of Microsurfacing
International Slurry Surfacing
Association "ISSA# Specification
International Slurry Surfacing
Association "ISSA# Specification
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Specifications Adopted for Microsurfacing
-roperties Test method ISSA @imits
Sand Equivalent Value of
Soils and Fine Aggregate
ASTM D 2419 65 Miniu
!"a#t in t$e %oss Angeles
Ma#$ine
ASTM &1'1 '( ) Ma*iu
Soundness of Aggregates
+it$ Sodiu Sul"$ate
+it$ Magnesiu Sul"$ate
ASTM & ,, 15 ) Ma*iu
25 ) Ma*iu
Properties of
Polymer Modifed
Bitumen Emulsion
Properties of
Polymer Modifed
Bitumen Emulsion
Properties of
Aggregates
Properties of
Aggregates
-roperties Test Method @imits
Vis#osit- . /Sa-0olt Furol1 at
25 &
!S2,,,3 2(41(( Se#5
6arti#le &$arge .
7ve89ve
!S2,,,3 7ve
Settleent and Storage
Sta0ilit- after 24$
!S2,,,3 1) /a*51
Tests on Residue
:esidue 0- eva"oration !S2,,,3 6() /in51
Softening "oint /: ;<1. & !S212(5 6( & /in51
6enetration. (51 at
25 &
!S212(' 5(91((
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Specifications Adopted for Microsurfacing
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Properties of
esigned Mi!
Properties of
esigned Mi!
-roperties Test Method ISSA @imits "A &D=#
Mi* Tie = 33>F /25>&1 !SSAT < 11' 12( Se#onds Miniu
?et &o$esion = '( Minutes /Set1
= 6( Minutes/Traffi#1
!SSA T<91'9 12 @g9# Miniu
2( @g9# Miniu
?et Stri""ing . ) !SSA T<9114 9() /in51
?et Tra#@ A0rasion %oss. 1 $r soa@ . g8
2
!SSA T<91(( 5', g8
2
/a*51
Component Materials
Component Materials
!omponent Materials Suggested @imits
:esidual <ituen 555 4 1(55) 0- dr- +eig$t of aggregate
Mineral Filler /6ortland #eent1 (5( 9'5()0- dr- +eig$t of aggregate
6ol-er &ontent Miniu of '5() solids 0ased on 0ituen +eig$t
#ontent
Additive As needed
?ater As required to "rodu#e "ro"er i* #onsistan#-
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Applications and Implementation of Microsurfacing -rojects in India
$e% elhi Municipal !ouncil "$M!#
is first organisation %hich introduced
Microsurfacing technology in India
during *+++/*++&
Microsurfacing @aid on -rithviraj
Road "T%o layers# and on 1insor
-lace Round A)out
Applied Microsurfacing as
preventive maintenance
treatment in place of
conventional dense graded hot
mix asphalt
Seen as an environment
friendly cold mix technology
(irst Microsurfacing -roject in elhi
(irst Microsurfacing -roject in elhi
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Pre "Construction
Evaluation
Structural condition of
pavement
# Ben$elman %eam
de&ection test
'unctional condition of
pavement
# Roug(ness
measurements
Surface distress
measurement
Tra)c volume survey
-re/!onstruction Evaluation of -avement Sections @aid %ith Microsurfacing
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Machine for @aying Microsurfacing
Machine for @aying Microsurfacing
Spreading of Microsurfacing
Spreading of Microsurfacing
Euantities of Materials !onsumed "Range#
Euantities of Materials !onsumed "Range#
Item Range Specified
Euantity
Aggregate . Ag8
2
691( 399
Eulsion. ) 0- +t5
of Mi*
12914 11914
@aying of Microsurfacing
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Application of Microsurfacing on $ational Aigh%ay
A demonstration project )y -u)lic
1or4s epartment of Assam
,n $ational Aigh%ay $o7 =:2 near
Gu%ahati
To operate 0 use
Microsurfacing machine
availa)le %ith -u)lic 1or4s
epartment of Assam

$atural ru))er produced in the
$orth/ Eastern region used for
modification of )itumen emulsion
Microsurfacing -roject in Assam
Microsurfacing -roject in Assam
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Materials 3sed in Assam -roject
Aggregates
granite aggregates availa)le in Gu%ahati
ISSA grading Type III
Emulsion
$atural ru))er modified )itumen emulsion
!omposition of esigned Mix and its -roperties
!omposition of esigned Mix and its -roperties
Ingredients -ercent )y %eight of aggregate
Aggregate &++;
Emulsion &+7? ;
-ortland !ement +7*?;
Additive +7?;
1ater &+7?;
-roperties 8alues ISSA @imit
Mixing time &*+ sec7 &*+ sec "min7#
!ohesion =+ minute
9+ minute
*=7: 4g7cm
*?7= 4g7cm
&* 4g7cm "min7#
*+ 4g7cm "min7#
1et Trac4 A)rasion test ?&= g0m
*
?=' g0m
*
"max7#
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!ali)ration of Microsurfacing Machine

Ingredients Euantity delivered
per minute
Aggregate 949 Ag5
Eulsion 12( Ag5
?ater 12( %itre
Additive 454 Ag5
&eent 956 Ag5
(lo% of Ingredients as per esigned Mix
(lo% of Ingredients as per esigned Mix
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@arge $um)er of Roads @aid %ith Microsurfacing in elhi

-eriodic 0 -reventive maintenance treatments of

$M! roads )efore 5!1G *+&+ 6

Single layer of Microsurfacing applied over ne%ly laid

profile correction course "of .M and S.!#

ou)le layers of Microsurfacing also applied

Ban"at$
/ Dou0le Mi#rosurfa#ing1 . BuneC(3
Ban"at$
/ Dou0le Mi#rosurfa#ing1 . BuneC(3
Aaal Attaur@ Marg
/ Single Mi#rosurfa#ing1 . Mar#$C(9
Aaal Attaur@ Marg
/ Single Mi#rosurfa#ing1 . Mar#$C(9
:aDaDi Marg
/ SD<& 7 Mi#rosurfa#ing1 . BanC(,
:aDaDi Marg
/ SD<& 7 Mi#rosurfa#ing1 . BanC(,
<rigadiar Eos$iar Sing$ Marg
/D<M 7 Mi#rosurfa#ing1 . Mar#$ 2((3
<rigadiar Eos$iar Sing$ Marg
/D<M 7 Mi#rosurfa#ing1 . Mar#$ 2((3
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Roads under $e% elhi Municipal !ouncil @aid %ith Microsurfacing
Roads under $e% elhi Municipal !ouncil @aid %ith Microsurfacing
15 <rigadier Eos$ier Sing$ Marg . 25 :aData ViDa-araDa S#ind$ia Marg . '5 AurangFe0 :oad
45 Ma* Muellar Marg 55 6urana Guila :oad 65 Ban"at$
35 &o"erni#us Marg ,5 Atul Hrover :oad 95 <$aga+an Dass :oad
1(5 :aDaDi Marg 115 Sarder 6atel Marg 125 Dal$ousie :oad
1'5 Mandir Marg 145 6andit 6ant Marg 155 Tal@otora :oad
165 S$a$eed <$agat Sing$ 135 Aaal Attaur@ Marg
Composition of esigned Mi!
Composition of esigned Mi!
Total Surface Area laid %ith Microsurfacing F =2DD2>&' sC7meter
Total Surface Area laid %ith Microsurfacing F =2DD2>&' sC7meter
Aggregates
aggregates availa)le around elhi
ISSA grading Type III
Emulsion
S.R latex modified )itumen
emulsion
@arge $um)er of Roads @aid %ith Microsurfacing in elhi

Ingredients -ercent )y %eight of aggregate
Aggregate &++ ;
Emulsion &= ;
-ortland !ement &7? ;
Additive +7?;
1ater &D ;
Average flo% of mix %as &* 4g0sC7m7 %ith Emulsion content at &=7+;
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-ost/ !onstruction evaluation of Microsurfacing
Roughness and istress ata on Microsurfacing at -rithviraj Road at ifferent Interval of Time
Roughness and istress ata on Microsurfacing at -rithviraj Road at ifferent Interval of Time
uration
"months#
Average Roughness
"mm04m#
Total istress
"percent#
.efore Treatment *>>& >79
Immediately
After Treatment
***9 +7&
9 *=&? +7=
&* *D?' &7:
&' *?*9 &7>
*: *9&9 *7*
== *9?+ D7D
=> *::D ?7&
D' *'+9 :7*
9+ *'?? &&7+

Single layer of Microsurfacing G :7? 4g 0 m

*
could )ring do%n roughness value )y a)out
*?+ H =++ mm04m7
T%o layers of Microsurfacing reduced roughness )y
9++H:++ mm04m7
,)servations
,)servations
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Environmental .enefits from Microsurfacing
Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Energy !onsumption
Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Energy !onsumption
Treatments Environmental Effects
Energy "MI# !,
*
"ton# $,
x
"4g# S,
x
"4g#
Milling ?+mm and -aving ?+mm
Recycled Aot Mix
=9>2:>2*=: &>&' &92'*& ?2*D2>DD
Milling ?+mm and -aving ?+mm
%ith 1arm Mix Asphalt
*9&2:>2>=9 &+>9 ''*& =29:2?=*
?+mm Aot In/place Recycled mix =&+29*2??> &D:> &=2+>? D2+>2DD:
&+ mm Microsurfacing =+2>*2>?' &&+ *D99 &2+:2>=:

-rof7 "r7# AR-A A,R8ATA from 3niversity of !alifornia2 .er4lay "3SA# has developed -a@ATE
"-avement @ife/!ycle Assessment Tool for Environment and Economic Effects# Soft%are

Ministry of Transportation2 ,ntario studied different types of preventive maintenance treatments

used in 3SA and evaluated their Environmental Impact and relative Energy consumption7
.ased on area of Microsurfacing laid in elhi recently F =2DD2>&'
sC7m7
.ased on area of Microsurfacing laid in elhi recently F =2DD2>&'
sC7m7
A !alculations for Green Aouse Gas Emissions and Energy !onsumption in respect
of Microsurfacing -rojects done in elhi recently
A !alculations for Green Aouse Gas Emissions and Energy !onsumption in respect
of Microsurfacing -rojects done in elhi recently
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!onclusions
&7 Microsurfacing is an environment friendly2 energy saving 2 fast and safe2 ideal and sustaina)le
cold mix technology for preventive and periodic maintenance treatment particularly of ur)an
roads7
*7 T%o layers of Microsurfacing "Type/II# %ith stringent Cuality control measures and good Cuality
materials2 applied on a structurally sound pavement %ith good drainage system2 at an
application rate of &? 4g0 sC7m2 can give a life of even upto '/> years in ur)an conditions
" -rithviraj Road in elhi is a good example#7
=7 Savings of a)out :+ ; in road construction materials and >+; in energy consumption can )e
effected %hen Microsurfacing is used as maintenance treatment7
D7 In terms of Green Aouse Gas emissions2 >+; of !,
*
2 :*; of $,
x
and :+; of S,
x
can )e
reduced using Microsurfacing in comparison to the conventional hot )ituminous mixes7
?7 Indian Roads !ongress"IR!# has pu)lished IR!: S-:'&/*++' 5Tentative Specifications for Slurry
Seal and Microsurfacing6 in $ovem)er *++'7
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