Resource 3 Three-Phase AC Machines Resource 3 Aims 3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear To understand the control gear requirements of a cage rotor induction motor starter To understand the operation of various types of motor starters
Objectives At the end of this lesson you should be able to: To be able to describe the control gear components of a DOL starter To be able to describe the operation of a DOL starter To be able to explain how a three-phase motor can be reversed To be able to describe the operation of a reversing DOL starter To be able to explain the starting problems with an induction motor To be able to describe the operation of a STAR-DELTA starter Three-Phase AC Machines Resource 3 3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear Components of a DOL Starter
DOL = Direct On Line = Direct connection of stator phases to the 3 phase supply 3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear FUSES MCB Designed to operate very quickly Protect against short circuit currents to earth or between phases
Three-Phase AC Machines Resource 3 Components of a DOL Starter
3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear Isolator Makes circuit dead allowing for maintenance Should be door interlocked and lockable for safety
Isolator with integral fuses Three-Phase AC Machines Resource 3 Contactor Coil Coil terminals A1 & A2 Main pole terminals 2, 4 & 6 Main pole terminals 1, 3 & 5 Auxiliary contact terminal 13 Auxiliary contact terminal 14 Coil Main poles Auxiliary contact 3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear Three-Phase AC Machines Resource 3 Components of a DOL Starter
Contactor Coil Coil terminals A1 & A2 Main pole terminals 2, 4 & 6 Main pole terminals 1, 3 & 5 Auxiliary contact terminal 13 Auxiliary contact terminal 14 When coil is energised it becomes a magnet Pole contacts closes Auxiliary contact also closes 3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear Three-Phase AC Machines Resource 3 Components of a DOL Starter
Overload Unit (Thermal type) Main pole terminals 1, 3 & 5 When motor overheats due to overload conditions, main poles latch open Auxiliary contacts also latch open and when interlocked within control circuit prevents motor restarting by itself when cool. Main pole terminals 2, 4 & 6 N/O Auxiliary contacts 97 & 98 N/C Auxiliary contacts 95 & 96 Reset button Red pushbutton can be used to reset 3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear Three-Phase AC Machines Resource 3 Components of a DOL Starter
Start and Stop pushbuttons Start button is green and flush mounted Stop button is red and protruding N/O contact N/C contact Emergency Stop button has a red mushroom head which latches in and must be turned to release Contacts at the back of switches can be either N/O or N/C 3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear Three-Phase AC Machines Resource 3 DOL Starter
Power Schematic Fuses Isolator Contactor C1 Overload Unit OL1 Induction Motor Auxiliary contact (retainer) Auxiliary contact (interlock) Safety earth 3-phase supply 3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear Three-Phase AC Machines Resource 3 DOL Starter
Control Circuit Starting Press S2 C1 coil energises Contact C1 retains S2 can be released
Faults Overload causes OL1 to open C1 coil de-energises C1 retaining contact drops out
3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear Three-Phase AC Machines Resource 3 Power Schematic Fuses Isolator Forward Contacto r C2 Overload Unit OL2 Induction Motor Safety earth 3-phase supply Revers e Contact or C3 Phases swapped here by C3 Mechanical interlock Three-Phase AC Machines Resource 3 3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear Reversing DOL Starter
Control Circuit Starting - Forward Press S2 C2 coil energises Contact C2 retains S2 can be released Electrical interlock with C3
Stopping Press S1 breaks circuit C2 or C3 coil de-energises C2 or C3 retaining contact drops out
Starting - Reverse Faults As for DOL
3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear Press S3 C3 coil energises Contact C3 retains S3 can be released Electrical interlock with C2
Three-Phase AC Machines Resource 3 Induction Motor Starting Problems
High Starting Current Starting current = 7 x full load current As speed increases, stator current reduces 3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear Three-Phase AC Machines Resource 3 Induction Motor Starting Problems
Solution:- Start off in STAR, then run in DELTA Motor current follows STAR curve. Change over to DELTA curve after motor reaches 80% of full synchronous speed Change over can be done using a timer or centrifugal switch 3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear Three-Phase AC Machines Resource 3 Induction Motor Starting Problems
Solution:- Start off in STAR, then run in DELTA Lower starting torque in STAR means that load must be checked to ensure it can be turned in STAR. Motor torque follows STAR curve. Change over to DELTA curve after motor reaches 80% of full synchronous speed 3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear Three-Phase AC Machines Resource 3 STAR-DELTA Starter
Power Schematic Induction Motor STAR Contact or C2 3-phase supply, fuses, isolator and motor earth not shown Mechanical interlock DELTA Contactor C3 MAIN Contactor C1 Overload Unit OL1 STAR U1 V1 W1 U2 V2 W2 U2 U1 V1 V2 W1 W2 DELTA DELTA Contactor connects U1 to W2 V1 to U2 W1 to V2 STAR Contactor connects U2 to V2 to W2 3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear Three-Phase AC Machines Resource 3 Control Circuit Starting Press S2 C1 coil energises Contact C1 retains S2 can be released Auxiliary contact C1 closes CR timer starts timing C2 coil energises - STAR CR timer finishes timing C2 coil de-energises C3 coil energises - DELTA
STAR-DELTA Starter
Stopping & Faults As for DOL
3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear Three-Phase AC Machines Resource 3