3 Phase Controlled Rectifiers

Operate from 3 phase ac supply voltage.

They provide higher dc output voltage.
Higher dc output power.
Higher output voltage ripple frequency.
Filtering requirements are simplified for
smoothing out load voltage and load current.
Extensively used in high power variable speed industrial dc
drives.
Three single phase half-wave converters can be connected
together to form a three phase half-wave converter.

Three-phase half-wave controlled rectifier
(the basic circuit among three-phase
rectifiers)
Three-phase bridge fully-controlled rectifier
(the most widely used circuit among three-
phase rectifiers)
Three-phase bridge half-controlled rectifier
Three-Phase Converters
(three-phase semi converters)
3-Phase
Half Wave Converter
(3-Pulse Converter)
with
R Load
Continuous & Constant
Load Current Operation
3-Phase
Half Wave Converter
Vector Diagram of
3 Phase Supply Voltages
V
AN
V
CN
V
BN
120
0
120
0
120
0
RN AN
YN BN
BN CN
v v
v v
v v
=
=
=
3 Phase Supply Voltage Equations
We deifine three line to neutral voltages
(3 phase voltages) as follows
( )
( )
( )
0
0
0
sin ;
Max. Phase Voltage
2
sin
3
sin 120
2
sin
3
sin 120
sin 240
RN an m
m
YN bn m
m
BN cn m
m
m
v v V t
V
v v V t
V t
v v V t
V t
V t
e
t
e
e
t
e
e
e
= =
=
| |
= =
|
\ .
=
| |
= = +
|
\ .
= +
=
( )
( )
( )
0
1
0
2
0
3
0
30
6
5
150
6
7
270
6
2
Each thytistor conducts for 120 or radians
3
T is triggered at t
T is triggered at t
T is triggered at t
t
e o o
t
e o o
t
e o o
t
| |
= + = +
|
\ .
| |
= + = +
|
\ .
| |
= + = +
|
\ .
1) Resistive load

Three-phase half-wave controlled rectifier
0 o =
30 o =
60 o =
( )
( )
( )
0
1
0
2
0
3
0
30
6
5
150
6
7
270
6
2
Each thytistor conducts for 120 or radians
3
T is triggered at t
T is triggered at t
T is triggered at t
t
e o o
t
e o o
t
e o o
t
| |
= + = +
|
\ .
| |
= + = +
|
\ .
| |
= + = +
|
\ .
( )
( )
5
6
6
5
6
6
3
sin .
2
3
cos
2
3 5
cos cos
2 6 6
m
dc
m
dc
m
dc
V
V t d t
V
V t
V
V
t
o
t
o
t
o
t
o
e e
t
e
t
t t
o o
t
+
+
+
+
(
(
=
(
(

(
(
=
(
(

(
| | | |
= + + +
| |
(
\ . \ .

}
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
0 0
0
Note from the trigonometric relationship
cos cos .cos sin .sin
5 5
cos cos sin sin
6 6
3
2
co
cos 150 cos sin 150 sin
3
2
cos 30
s .cos sin sin
6 6
.cos
m
dc
m
dc
A
V
V
B A B A B
V
V
t t
o o
t
t t
o
o
o
o
t
o
+ =
(
| | | |
+
| |
(
\ . \ .
(
=
(
| | | |
+
( | |
\ . \ .

+
=

( )
( )
0
sin 30 sin o
(
(
(

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0
0 0
0
0
0
0
0 0
Note: cos 1
cos 180 30 cos sin 180 30 sin
3
2
cos 30 .cos sin 30 sin
cos 30 cos sin 30 sin
3
2
cos 30 .cos sin 30 s
80 30 cos 30
sin 180 30 sin 30
in
m
dc
m
dc
V
V
V
V
o o
t
o o
o o
t
o o
=
(
+
(
=
(
+

(
+ +
(
=
(
+

( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
0
3
2cos 30 cos
2
3 3
2 cos
2 2
3 3 3
3 cos cos
2 2
3
cos
2
Where 3 Max. line to line supply voltage
m
dc
m
dc
m m
dc
Lm
dc
Lm m
V
V
V
V
V V
V
V
V
V V
o
t
o
t
o o
t t
o
t
(
=

(
=
(

(
= =

=
= =
( )
max
The maximum average or dc output voltage is
obtained at a delay angle 0 and is given by
3 3
2
Where is the peak phase voltage.
And the normalized average output voltage is
m
dm
dc
m
d
dcn n
V
V V
V
V
V V
o
t
=
= =
= = cos
c
dm
V
o =
o o
t
o o
t
e e
t
o t
o t
cos 675 . 0 cos
2
3
cos 827 . 0 cos
2
3 3
sin
2
3
6 / 5
6 /
LL LL
m
m
m dc
V V
V
V
t d t V V
= =
= = =
}
+
+
o s 30
o o
t
cos
* 827 . 0
cos
* * 2
3 3
R
V
R
V
I
m m
dc
= =
( ) o
t
e e
t
o t
o t
2 cos
8
3
6
1
3 sin
2
3
6 / 5
6 /
2
+ = =
}
+
+
m m rms
V t d t V V
o
t
2 cos
8
3
6
1 3
+ =
R
V
I
m
rms
o
t
2 cos
8
3
6
1
3
+ = = =
R
V I
I I
m rms
S r
CONTINUOUS CONDUCTION
(

|
.
|

\
|
+ + =
(

|
.
|

\
|
+ + = =
}
+
o
t
o
t
t
e e
t
t
o t
6
cos 1 4775 . 0
6
cos 1
2
3
sin
2
3
6 /
m
m
m dc
V
V
t d t V V
o > 30
(

|
.
|

\
|
+ + = o
t
t 6
cos 1
2
3
R
V
I
m
dc
( ) ) 2 3 / sin(
8
1
4 24
5
3 sin
2
3
6 /
2
o t
t t
o
e e
t
t
o t
+ + = =
}
+
m m rms
V t d t V V
) 2 3 / sin(
8
1
4 24
5 3
o t
t t
o
+ + =
R
V
I
m
rms
) 2 3 / sin(
8
1
4 24
5
3
o t
t t
o
+ + = = =
R
V I
I I
m rms
S r
DISCONTINUOUS CONDUCTION
Example 7 Three-phase half-wave controlled rectfier is connected to 380 V
three phase supply via delta-way 380/460V transformer. The load of the
rectfier is pure resistance of 5O. The delay angle
o
25 = o . Calculate: The
rectfication effeciency (b) PIV of thyristors
V V V
LL dc
5 . 281 25 cos 460
2
3
cos
2
3
= = =
t
o
t
A
R
V
I
dc
dc
3 . 56
5
5 . 281
= = =
( ) V
V V
LL rms
8 . 298 25 * 2 cos
8
3
6
1
* 460 * 2
2 cos
8
3
6
1
* 2
= + =
+ =
t
o
t
A
R
V
I
rms
rms
76 . 59
5
8 . 298
= = =
% 75 . 88 100 * = =
rms rms
dc dc
I V
I V
q
Example8 Solve the previous example (evample 7) if the firing angle
o
60 = o
V
V
V
m
dc
33 . 179
3 6
cos 1
2
460 *
3
2
3
6
cos 1
2
3
=
(

|
.
|

\
|
+ +
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
(

|
.
|

\
|
+ + =
t t
t
o
t
t
A
R
V
I
dc
dc
87 . 35
5
33 . 179
= = =
From (3.65) we can calculate
rms
V as following:
V V V
m rms
230 ) 2 3 / sin(
8
1
4 24
5
3 = + + = o t
t t
o
A
R
V
I
rms
rms
46
5
230
= = =
% 79 . 60 100 * = =
rms rms
dc dc
I V
I V
q
V V PIV
LL
54 . 650 460 * 2 2 = = =
3-Phase
Half Wave Converter
(3-Pulse Converter)
with
RL Load
Continuous & Constant
Load Current Operation


3 Phase Half Wave
Controlled Rectifier Output Voltage
Waveforms For RL Load
at
Different Trigger Angles

To Derive an
Expression for the
Average Output Voltage of a
3-Phase Half Wave Converter with RL
Load
for Continuous Load Current
5 / 6
3 3 3
sin cos 0.827 cos
/ 6
2 2
3
cos 0.675 cos
2
V
m
V V t d t V
m m
dc
V V
LL LL
t o
e e o o
t o
t t
o o
t
+
= = =
}
+
= =
( )
( )
( )
1
5
2
6
2 2
6
1
2
The rms value of output voltage is found by
using the equation
3
sin .
2
and we obtain
1 3
3 cos 2
6 8
m
O RMS
m
O RMS
V V t d t
V V
t
o
t
o
e e
t
o
t
+
+
(
(
=
(
(

(
= +
(

}
3 Phase Half Wave
Controlled Rectifier With
RL Load with FWD
a a
b b
c c
R
V
0
L
R
V
0
+

T
1
T
2
T
3
n n
T
1
T
2
T
3
0
0
30
0
30
0
60
0
60
0
90
0
90
0
120
0
120
0
150
0
150
0
180
0
180
0
210
0
210
0
240
0
240
0
270
0
270
0
300
0
300
0
330
0
330
0
360
0
360
0
390
0
390
0
420
0
420
0
o
o
V
0
o=30
0
V
an
V
bn
V
cn
et
V
0
o=60
0
V
an
V
bn
V
cn
et