& Introduction to Project Management Lecture 01 & 02 Project Tom Peters Author and Consultant Projects, rather than repetitive tasks, are now the basis for most value-added in business In this session we will discuss Why should you learn Project Management? Scope of the Project Management Course Origin and growth of Project Management (PM) Definition of a project Objectives of a project Characteristics of a project Programs Vs Projects Project Vs Operations Project Management Vs Management
Why Project Management -1 Customer, Competition and Change Shortened product life cycle Time to market critical Growing demand for a broad range of complex, sophisticated, customized goods and services Emergence of Global competition Technological Developments (Including Internet) Knowledge explosion Corporate downsizing Increased customer focus The tasks are multidisciplinary and complex Team-based problem solving v. individual has become important. Increase in the number of non routine activities in an organization. SW industry growth.
Why Project Management -2 Organizational Imperatives for Project Management Traditional hierarchical management declining Consensual management increasing Increasing reliance on systems approach (systems engineering) Projects have become integral to organizational strategy and accomplishment of goals Origin of Project Management (PM) Project Management is as old as civilization example ?????? Credit for development of modern Project Management tools and techniques goes to Army. Army used PM for achieving tasks not achievable by traditional organizations in traditional ways. Seeing the success of military Project Management practices, non military sectors and business organizations followed suit, by adopting Project Management to their organizations
Growth Military again is credited with developing most PM techniques Private constructions firms followed suit. Followed by automotive companies to develop new models GE used PM to develop jet engines. Increasingly organizations are using projects to implement organization strategy
Growth of PM in Services Sector Currently PM is becoming more popular with services sector Ad campaigns Different media, different locations. PM in services sector (to name a few) Weddings Tea parties Fund drives Election campaigns Performing a series of surgeries on an accident victim The Definition of a Project Project Management Institute(PMI)
A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a product or service
What is a Project? A complex, non-routine, one-time effort limited by time, budget, resources, and performance specifications designed to meet customer needs. (Solves a problem, a change process clear goal(s)) Project Characteristics - 1 Objective: Construction of a sky scraper or release of a Software by some specified date within a certain budget No repetition like daily organizational jobs Definite Beginning and End: Routine jobs are continuous Multi dimensional skills are needed compared to single skill (like accounting) in routine jobs Non routine and some thing unique: Landing rover on Mars etc. Each construction project is different Time, cost and specific outcomes higher degree of accountability Project Characteristics - 2 Have a life cycle with finite due date Interdependencies with other projects, functional departments for scarce resources, Constraints Resource requirements and tradeoffs - Limited resources Multiple stakeholders (Client, parent organization, project team, public) Conflict project vs project, project vs department is inherent
Triple Constraints of a Project Triple Constraints: Performance Time Cost Expectations of clients inherent part of the project specifications
Process Vs Project Project One shot limited life
One objective Unique and separate from normal organization work Heterogeneous People Systems are created Performance, time, cost less certain
Process Ongoing, day-to-day activities Several Objective Use existing systems, properties, and capabilities Homogenous People System in place Performance, time, and cost known Programs versus Projects Program Defined A series of coordinated, related, multiple projects that continue over an extended time and are intended to achieve a goal. A higher level group of projects targeted at a common goal. Example: Project: completion of a required course in project management. Program: completion of all courses required to get MBA degree. Class Exercise No 01 Project --- Not a Project ? Use of manufacturing line for producing Suzuki Alto Cars Advertising campaigns Restructuring of organizations Operation of regular flight services by air lines Conducting project management classes Arranging a Weddings Preparation of food in a restaurant Fund raising drives Election campaigns
Checking your email Developing a website, producing a movie etc. Arranging Tea party Performing a series of surgeries on an accident victim.
Project --- Not a Project ? Project Management The application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities in order to meet or exceed stakeholders needs and expectations. Invariable involves balancing competing demands between Scope, time, cost Stakeholders with differing needs(identified requirements) and expectations(unidentified requirements)
Project Management The process of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, implementing and controlling projects. Also includes Project selection and evaluation Process Termination of projects Project Audit
Management Planning, organizing, controlling and leading.
Advantages of Project Management Responsive to:- Client & the Environment Identify & correct problem early Timely decision about trade offs between conflicting goals Advantages of Project Management Responsive to:- Lower cost Higher quality & reliability Sharper Orientation towards result Better control, control sub-optimization Increase in ROI Better inter-departmental coordination Higher Morale Disadvantages of Project Management
Greater organizational complexity Increased likely hood of organizational policy violation More management difficulties and low personal utilization Limitations of PM Conflicts are side effect PM normally lacks authority and depends on good will of functional mangers Summary of the session In this session we have learnt/understood:- Project and project management. Importance of project in todays environment Difference between project and operations/process and program Characteristics of project Advantages of project management Any Question??