Specifications&Estimation11 7

AD9501
Specifications and Estimation

3 Credits and 45 hours
1 AD9501- Specifications and Estimation
Assessment Period 1
02.07.2014 to 14.08.2014
1. Introduction, Discussion of course structure and syllabus, assessment pattern
Unit 1- Specification
1. Necessity and importance of specification, importance of specification in design and
execution, classification and types of specification
2. Principles of specification writing
Unit 2- Specification Writing
1. Brief specification for first class, second class and third class buildings
2. Detailed specification for earth work excavation
3. PCC, RCC, brick work
4. flooring and dado
5. DPC, weathering course, plastering and painting
6. Wood work
Internal Assessment One
MODE OF EVALUATION- TEST

Slide Number 2 AD9501- Specifications and Estimation
Assessment Period 2
15.08.2014 to 27.09.2014
Unit 3- Estimation
1. Importance, types and purpose of estimation,
2. Approximate estimate of buildings, requirements for preparing estimation, principles of measurements
and billing
3. Measurement and billing of basic materials, Units of measurements for various items of work,
schedule of rates
4. Main items of work and their estimation
5. Main items of work and their estimation
6. Examples of estimates of walls by various methods
Unit 4- Detailed Estimate
1. Deriving at detailed estimates for various works of a building
2. earthwork and foundation, PCC
3. walls and openings, plastering (walls and ceiling) , DPC
4. RCC, roof slab (flat and sloping), lintels and sunshades, weathering course
5. Internal Assessment Two
MODE OF EVALUATION- TEST

Assessment Period 3
28.09.2014 to 0.6.11.2014
1. Flooring and wood work, iron/ steel fittings, painting
2. Detailed estimation - examples
Unit 5- Cost Estimating and Cost Budgeting
1. Cost planning and analysis
2. Principles of valuation
3. Feasibility studies
4. Project planning and development

MODE OF EVALUATION- ASSIGNMENT

Unit 1- Specification

Necessity and importance of specification, importance of specification in
design and execution, classification and types of specification
Principles of specification writing
AD9501- Specifications and Estimation
Slide Number 5
Specification
an explicit set of requirements to be satisfied by a
material, design, product, or service
In the context of Architecture/ construction industry,
specification specifies or describes the nature and
the class of the work, materials to be used in the
work, workmanship
Specifications are part of the Contract Documents
included with the bidding and construction
requirements and the drawings
A combination of specifications and drawings define
the structure.

Necessity &
importance of
specification
AD9501- Specifications and Estimation 7
Purpose of Specifications
AD9501- Specifications and Estimation Slide Number 8
describe the type and quality of every product
required for the project.
describe the requirements for fabrication, erection,
application, installation and finishing.
quality of workmanship necessary for the project,
including all phases of creation and installation
starting with manufacturing, fabrication, and
application, through installation, finishing and
adjustment.
include any necessary codes and standards
applicable to the project.
include descriptions and procedures for alternate
materials, products or services if necessary
Methods of specifying
Descriptive
the exact properties of the materials and methods of installation
are described in detail without using proprietary or
manufacturer's names
commonly used for products for which no standards exist, on
projects where using proprietary names is restricted, and in
situations where the Architect/Engineer want to exercise tight
control over the specified work.
Advantages :
Descriptive specifications specify exactly what the design intends.
They are applicable to all conditions, methods or situations of a
project.
They are applicable to all sizes and types of projects.
They permit free competition because they do not restrict the use
of specific products or manufacturers.
Disadvantages- Lengthily, time consuming, used less often as
standards are available

1. Descriptive
2. Performance
3. Reference Standard
4. Proprietary
Performance
the required end results are specified along with the criteria by which the
performance will be judged and the method by which it can be verified
contractor is free to choose the materials and methods that comply with
the performance specification
Advantages :
Only the end result or design intent is specified, this gives the
Contractor flexibility in selecting and applying products.
They permit free competition.
They can be applicable in all types and sizes of projects.
delegate the technical responsibilities to the construction industry,
where the Contractor instead of the Architecture/Engineering firm is
responsible for the results.
Disadvantages
time consuming, long, detailed specifications.
difficult to enforce
too elaborate for simple or minor projects

1. Descriptive
2. Performance
4. Proprietary
Reference Standard
reference is made to an established standard defined by
associations very knowledgeable about a certain part or
phase of construction.
are used for "commodity" products in the marketplace,
where brand names are not important
Advantages :
The standard is usually widely known and accepted by the
industry.
They do not limit competition.
They dramatically shorten the length of specifications.
Disadvantages:
no appropriate standard to reference
Standards generally refer to the minimum requirements.
obsolete or out-of-date standards

1. Descriptive
2. Performance
4. Proprietary
Proprietary
the actual brand names, model numbers and other proprietary information is specified
used for private commercial projects where the Owner knows what products they want
Two types:
Closed: generally prohibit substitutions. One or more products are specified, and no
substitutions will be considered
Open: Open specifications permit substitutions. One or more products are specified,
but other manufacturers will be considered
Advantages :
allow for close control of product selection.
The drawings can be more complete and more detailed because they can be prepared
based on precise information from the selected manufacturer.
The specification can be shorter.
They simplify the bidding by narrowing competition and eliminating product pricing as a
major variable.
Disadvantages:
They reduce the competition.
They may specify products the Contractor is not familiar with or has had little experience
with.
Care should be taken to assure no error is made when specifying model numbers or
product designations.

1. Descriptive
2. Performance
4. Proprietary
Method??
Dense cement concrete (1:3:6 mix.) sub-floor at least 75 mm thick shall be laid over
the sand filling
Supply of structural steel shall conform to IS 8910
In case of load bearing internal walls, the grade of mortar shall preferably be MM
0.702 or more for high durability but in no case less than MM 0.5.
Particle board flat pressed 3 layers medium density shall be graded particle board
grade-1 conforming to IS 3087 of specified thickness
Formwork shall be strong enough to withstand the dead and live loads and forces
caused by ramming and vibrations of concrete and other incidental loads, imposed
upon it during and after casting of concrete.
High strength deformed bars & wires shall conform to IS 1786.
Where so specified, water proofing material of approved quality shall be added to the
concrete mixture in accordance with the manufacturers specification stating the
quantity of water proofing material in litres or kg per 50 kg or cement and will be paid
for separately.
Any one of the following chemicals conforming to relevant Indian Standards in water
emulsion may be used for soil treatment in order to protect a building from termite
attack.
Use of chemical admixtures shall be permitted in accordance, with the provisions of IS
456 and IS 9103
Types of specifications
General or brief specifications
Provides the nature and class of work in general terms, to
be used in various parts of the work from the foundation
to super structure
Detailed Specifications
For an item of work specifies
the quantities and qualities of materials,
the proportion of mortar, workmanship, the method of
preparation and execution
the methods of measurement
Sample General specifications for typical
works in building
STONE MASONRY
The Foundation shall be in granite/trap/basalt size stone masonry with
cement mortar 1:6 in courses not less than 20 cms high bond stones
2m apart in each course
The super structure shall be in granite/trap/basalt size stone masonry
with cement mortar 1:6 edges of stones chistle dressed in courses not
less than 15 cms high, bond stones 2m apart in each course
BRICK MASONRY
The super structure shall be in full width burnt brick masonry with I
class standard bricks in cement mortar 1:6 (1 cement, 6 coarse sand)
half width burnt brick masonry with I class standard bricks in cement
mortar 1:4 (1 cement, 4 coarse sand)
The foundation and plinth shall be for I class brick work in CM 1:6 over
1: 4: 8 cement concrete
The foundation and plinth shall be of sun-dried bricks in mud mortar
The super structure shall be of second class brick work with mud
mortar.

CEMENT BLOCKS
The super structure shall be approved 1-quality solid block masonry
wall with Cement concrete solid Blocks with compressive strength not
less than 35Kg/Sq cm with Cement sand mortar 1:4 with blocks of size
40X10X20 cms conforming to IS 2185/1965
DPC/ WATER PROOFING
The DPC shall be 40 mm thick with 1:2:4 concrete using 20mm and down
size graded granite metal mixed with water proofing compound as per
manufacturer specifications
Pressure grouting of the sunken slab area wherever required with suitable
water proofing compound with cement as an injection grouting material
The DPC shall be 25 mm thick cement concrete 1:1: 3, mixed with water
proofing compound as per manufacturer specifications and painted with
two coats of bitumen
Inside and outside walls shall be water proof mud plastered

PLASTERING AND POINTING
plastering shall be 12mm thick in single layers with cement mortar 1:4 to
brick/ solid block masonary including rounding off corners
Inside and outside walls shall be plastered 12 mm thick in 1:6 cement
mortar. The ceiling shall be cement plastered in CM 1:3
flush pointing to size stone masonry with CM 1:4
raised and cut pointing to size stone masonry with CM 1:4
The exposed surface of R.C.C. work shall be plastered with cement
mortar 1:3 (1 cement : 3 fine sand) of thickness not exceeding 6 mm to
give smooth and even surface true to line and form
PCC/ RCC
1:4:8 (M 7.5) for foundation using 40mm and down size graded granite
metal laid in layers not exceeding 15cms.
1:3:6 (M 10) using 20mm and down size graded granite metal for coping
laid in layers not exceeding 15cms
1:2:4 ( M 15 ) using 20mm and down size graded granite metal for coping
laid in layers not exceeding 15cms
(The minimum mix of M25 shall be used in all structural elements in both
load bearing & RCC framed construction) 1: 2: 4 reinforced cement
concrete using 40mm and down size graded granite metal shall be used
for stairs, beams, columns sunshades, slabs and lintels

CEMENT FLOORING
40mm thick flooring; under layer of 30mm thick cement concrete 1:2:4(1
cement: 2 coarse sand: 4 graded stone aggregate 12.5 mm nominal size)
and top layer of 10mm thick plaster of cement red oxide mix 1:3 (1 cement: 3
coarse sand) finished with a floating coat of neat cement
Providing and laying red oxide flooring 40mm thick with under layer of 30mm
thick cement concrete 1:2:4(1 cement : 2 coarse sand : 4 graded stone
aggregate 12.5 mm nominal size) and top layer of 10mm thick plaster with
1:3 (1 cement : 3 coarse sand) mixed with red oxide @ 3.5 kg of red oxide
per bag of 50 kg of cement finished with floating coat of neat cement mixed
with red oxide( mix of the same proportion)
PAINTING
white washing (Surya Cem etc.) to ceiling and walls in 2 or more coats with
lime of approved quality to give an even shade after preparation of surface
two or more coats of Acrylic emulsion (Tractor Emulsion of Asian Paints/
Bison Emulsion of Berger Paints/ Super cote Interior Emulsion of ICI Dulux
etc.) of 1st quality approved brand and matching shade on wall surfaces at
all locations and heights over one coat of primer

FLOORING , VERTICAL FACES AND DADO WITH TILES
I class approved make & colour Anti-skid ceramic flooring tiles of size
300mmX300mm (approximate) with 7 mm thick 1: Cement ; 4 Coarse
sand mortar. And joints filled with white cement and pigment
I class approved make & colour wall ceramic tiles of size 300mmX450mm
X7mm for dado and vertical faces with 12 mm thick cement sand mortar
of 1:3, joints filled with white cement and pigment of matching shade..

I class approved make & colour Floor Vitrified tiles(Granolite finish) of size
600mm X 600mmX10mm for floor s and dado and vertical faces with 12
mm thick cement sand mortar of 1:3, joints filled with white cement and
pigment of matching shade.
Designer concrete polished tiles of 20mm for stair case treads and risers
and plain areas (landings, skirting etc. with cement sand mortar (1:4)

I class approved make & colour Floor ceramic tiles of size 600mm X
600mmX10mm for external usage in the parking area, Porch etc. with 20
mm thick cement sand mortar of 1:3, joints filled with white cement and
pigment of matching shade

Write general specifications for a single storyed residential building
Case 1
Case 2
RR footing on PCC
base , RR Plinth
Brick masonry,
plastered and
painted both sides
RCC roof,
weathering course
sunshades,
continuous RCC
lintel, plastered
Vitrified tile flooring,
Dado and skirting
White washing and
Colour washing
Doors and
Windows

Brick Footing on
PCC base , brick
plinth
Brick masonry,
exposed outside,
plastered and
painted inside
RCC roof,
weathering course
sunshades, RCC
lintel above
openings
Ceramic tile flooring
Doors and Windows
Case 3
Brick Footing on
PCC base, plinth
beam
Reinforced rat trap
bond, Arched
openings
Filler slab roof,
weathering course,
sunshades
Red oxide flooring
and skirting
Doors and Windows
Write general specifications for a G + 1
RCC isolated footing, columns, Plinth beam, Lintel
beam and sunshade, Flat roof for GF with beams
and slabs, pitched roof with roof truss and
Mangalore pattern tiles in FF
Brick masonry, plastered both sides, white washed

Detailed Specifications
Specifies the qualities and quantities of materials,
the proportions of mortar, workmanship, the method
of preparation and execution and the methods of
measurement.
Avoid repetition and ambiguity
In the same sequence of order as the work is carried
out

Earthwork excavation
Earthwork excavation for foundation
During the excavation the natural drainage of the area shall be
maintained. Excavation shall be done from top to bottom. Undermining or
undercutting shall not be done
In firm soils, the sides of the trenches shall be kept vertical upto a depth of
2 meters from the bottom. For greater depths, the excavation profiles shall
be widened by allowing steps of 50 cms on either side after every 2
meters from the bottom. Alternatively, the excavation can be done so as to
give slope of 1:4 (1 horizontal : 4 vertical). Where the soil is soft, loose or
slushy, the width of steps shall be suitably increased or sides sloped or
the soil shored up required.
The bed of excavation shall be to the correct level or slope and
consolidated by watering and ramming.
If the excavation for foundation is done to a depth greater than that shown
in the drawings or as required by the Engineer-in-Charge, the excess
depth shall be made good by the contractor at his own cost with the
concrete of the mix used for levelling/ bed concrete for foundations.
Soft/defective spots at the bed of the foundations shall be dug out and
filled with concrete
Find
Water in foundation trench, Excavation in difficult conditions- saturated soil
Filling
The earth used for filling shall be free from all roots, grass, shrubs, rank
vegetation, brushwood, tress, sapling and rubbish
Filling with excavated earth shall be done in regular horizontal layers each
not exceeding 20 cm in depth. All lumps and clods exceeding 8 cm in any
direction shall be broken. Each layer shall be watered and consolidated
with steel rammer
Measurement
The length and breadth of excavation or filling shall be measured with a
steel tape correct to the nearest cm. The depth of cutting or height of
filling shall be measured, correct to 5 mm, by recording levels before the
start of the work and after the completion of the work.
Vertical depth from GL X Trench bottom width X Length of trench (even if
the contractor has dug the trench with sloping sides)
Concrete work
Materials
Water used for mixing and curing shall be clean and free from
injurious quantities of alkalies, acids, oils, salts, sugar, organic
materials, vegetable growth or other substance that may be
deleterious to bricks, stone, concrete or steel. potable water is
generally considered satisfactory for mixing.
Cement shall be fresh portland cement of standard ISI
specifications and shall have required strength
Fine aggregate shall consist of natural sand, crushed stone sand,
crushed gravel sand stone dust or marble dust, fly ash and broken
brick (Burnt clay). It shall be hard, durable, chemically inert, clean
and free from adherent coatings, organic matter etc. and shall not
contain any appreciable amount of clay balls or pellets and
harmful impurities e.g. iron pyrites, alkalies, salts, coal, mica, shale
or similar laminated materials in such form or in such quantities as
to cause corrosion of metal or affect adversely the hardening, the
strength, the durability or the appearance of mortar, plaster or
concrete.
Concrete work
Coarse aggregate shall be specified as stone aggregate,
gravel or brick aggregate
(a) Stone Aggregate: It shall consist of naturally occurring (uncrushed, crushed or
broken) stones. It shall be hard, strong, dense, durable and clean. It shall be free from
veins, adherent coating, injurious amounts of disintegrated pieces, alkali, vegetable
matter and other deleterious substances. It shall be roughly cubical in shape. Flaky
and elongated pieces shall be avoided. It shall conform to IS 383 unless otherwise
specified.
(b) Gravel: It shall consist of naturally occurring (uncrushed, crushed or broken) river
bed shingle or pit gravel. It shall be sound, hard and clean. It shall be free from flat
particles of shale or similar laminated material, powdered clay, silt, loam, adherent
coating, alkali, vegetable matter and other deleterious substances. Pit gravel shall be
washed if it contains soil materials adhering to it. These shall conform to IS 383 unless
otherwise specified.
(c) Brick Aggregate: Brick aggregate shall be obtained by breaking well burnt or
overburnt dense brick/ brick bats. They shall be homogeneous in texture, roughly
cubical in shape and clean. They shall be free from unburnt clay particles. Soluble
salt, silt, adherent coating of soil, vegetable matter and other deleterious substances.
Such aggregate should not contain more than one percent of sulphates and should
not absorb more than 10% of their own mass of water, when used in cement concrete.
It shall conform to IS 306 unless otherwise specified.

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AD9501

Specifications and Estimation

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