2.

Reactive Power Compensation:-

As is mentioned earlier, the test transformers are used for testing the
insulation of various electrical equipment's.
This means the load connected to these transformers is highly
capacitive. Therefore, if rated voltage is available at the output
terminals of the test transformer and a test piece (capacitive load) is
connected across its terminals, the voltage across the load becomes
higher than the rated volt-age as the load draws leading current.
Thus, it is necessary to regulate the input voltage to the test
transformer so that the voltage across the load, which is variable,
depending on the test specimen, remains the rated voltage.
Another possibility is that a variable inductor should be connected
across the supply as shown in Fig. 2.13 so that the reactive power
supplied by the load is absorbed by the inductor and thus the voltage
across the test transformer is maintained within limits.









When the primary series is connected, for the same supply voltage,
voltage per turn of primary becomes half its value when it is parallel
connected and, therefore, the secondary voltage becomes of the
rated voltage and hence the curve starts at 50% of the rated voltage.
The power of the voltage regulator is proportional to the supply voltage
and, therefore, is represented by line E in Fig. 2.14 and the maximum
power at rated voltage is 33.3% of the maximum power requirement of
the transformer.

All possible operating conditions of the test transformer lie within the
triangular area enclosed by the line A, the abscissa and the 100%
rated voltage line.
This area has been sub- divided into different parts,so that the
permissible supply power (Here 33% of maximum transformer load) is
never exceeded. The value of the highest voltage is always taken for
the evaluation of the compensation arrangement. Since the impedance
of the test transformer is usually large (about 2025%), the range under
25% of the rated voltage is not considered.
It is clear from the above considerations that the design of the
compensating reactor depends upon
( i) The capacitance and operating voltage of test specimen.
(ii ) The power rating of the available regulator.
( iii ) The possibility of different connections of the winding of test
transformer.
( iv ) The power rating of the test transformer.
In order that the test laboratory meets all the different requirements, every
particular case must be investigated and a suitable reactor must be
designed for reactive power compensation.
In multistage transformers with large power output, it is desirable to
provide reactive power compensation at every stage, so that the voltage
stability of the test transformer is greatly improved.