Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc.

All rights
reserved.
Disorders of the Circulatory
System
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Dysfunction of the immune system caused by a virus
Allergy
Hypersensitive response by the immune system to an
outside substance
Anemia
The blood has an inadequate amount of hemoglobin,
red blood cells, or both
Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights
reserved.
Disorders of the Circulatory
System (continued)
Autoimmune
Conditions in which the immune system of the body
turns against itself
Elephantiasis
A massive accumulation of lymphatic fluid in body
tissues, causing an abnormally large growth of tissue
or hypertrophy
Erythroblastosis fetalis
A condition in an unborn baby in which the mother
forms antibodies against the antigens in the babys
blood
Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights
reserved.
Disorders of the Circulatory
System (continued)
Hemophilia
A rare sex-linked genetic blood disease in which the
blood is missing a clotting factor
Hepatitis
A viral infection of the blood
Hodgkins disease
A malignant cancer of the lymph system
Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights
reserved.
Disorders of the Circulatory
System (continued)
Leukemia
Also called blood cancer, is an abnormal malignant
increase in the number and longevity of white blood
cells
Lymphosarcoma
Is a group of malignant cancers of lymph tissues
other than Hodgkin's disease
Polycythemia
An abnormal increase in the number of blood cells,
making the blood thicker and slower flowing
Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights
reserved.
Disorders of the Circulatory
System (continued)
Septicemia
Called blood poisoning, is an infection that occurs
when pathogens enter the blood
Sickle cell anemia
A genetic condition that results in malformed red
blood cells
Splenomegaly
An enlargement of the spleen caused by an acute
infection such as mononucleosis or anemia
Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights
reserved.
Disorders of the Circulatory
System (continued)
Thalassemia
One of the most common genetic blood disorders
Thrombocytopenia
A decrease in the number of platelets in the blood
Thrombosis
A condition in which a blood clot, called a thrombus,
forms in the blood vessels

27-8
Chest Pain
Cardiac
Myocardial infarction
Angina
Pericarditis
Coronary spasm
Non-cardiac
Heartburn
Panic attacks
Pleurisy
Costochondritis
Pulmonary embolism
Sore muscles
Broken ribs
Take all complaints of
chest pain seriously!
27-9
Chest Pain (cont.)
Determine cause
Electrocardiogram
Stress tests
Blood tests
Chest x-ray
Nuclear scan
Coronary catheterization
Echocardiogram
Endoscopy
27-10
Diseases and Disorders of the
Cardiovascular System
Disease Description
Anemia The blood does not have enough red blood cells
or hemoglobin to carry an adequate amount of
oxygen to the bodys cells
Aneurysm A ballooned, weakened arterial wall
Arrhythmias Abnormal heart rhythms
Carditis Inflammation of the heart
Endocarditis Inflammation of the innermost lining of the
heart, including valves
27-11
Disease Description
Myocarditis Inflammation of the muscular layer of the heart
Pericarditis Inflammation of the membranes that surround
the heart (pericardium)
Congestive
Heart Failure
Weakening of the heart over time; heart is
unable to pump enough blood to meet bodys
needs
Coronary Artery
Disease (CAD)
Atherosclerosis; narrowing of coronary arteries
caused by hardening of the fatty plaque deposits
within the arteries
Diseases and Disorders of the
Cardiovascular System (cont.)
27-12
Disease Description
Hypertension High blood pressure; consistent resting blood
pressure equal to or greater than 140/90 mm Hg
Leukemia Bone marrow produces a large number of
abnormal WBCs
Murmurs Abnormal heart sounds
Myocardial
Infarction
Heart attack; damage to cardiac muscle due to a
lack of blood supply
Diseases and Disorders of the
Cardiovascular System (cont.)
27-13
Disease Description
Sickle Cell
Anemia
Abnormal hemoglobin causes RBCs to change
to a sickle shape; abnormal cells stick in
capillaries
Thalassemia Inherited form of anemia; defective hemoglobin
chain causes, small, pale, and short-lived RBCs
Thrombophlebitis
Blood clots and inflammation develops in a vein
Varicose Veins Twisted, dilated veins
Diseases and Disorders of the
Cardiovascular System (cont.)