REASON: 9/11 Attacks -The reason for the War in Afghanistan

FACTS:2,752 civilians killed on September 11,2001.

19 Al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked 4 commercial passenger jets.
2 of the jets went into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in NYC.
1 of the jets crashed into the Pentagon.
1 of the jets crashed in Shanksville.

The War in Afghanistan began as U.S. Armed Forces launched Operation Enduring
Freedom in response to 9/11 attacks. several nations took on Al-Qaeda and
the Taliban during Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, which was the
initial combat operations starting on 7 October 2001
This list covers US and coalition forces and other forms of support for Operation
Enduring Freedom (OEF) from October 2001
At Invasion: Currently:
United States NATO(including U.S,U.K.,France and 44 others)
United Kingdom Afghanistan
Northern Alliance


So the whole war consisted of three phases.
1. Toppling the Talibanwas brief, lasting just two months. Kabul fell to coalition forces on
13 October 2001. In early December fierce fighting took place near the Tora Bora caves,
where Taliban leader Mullah Omar and Osama Bin Laden were believed to be. Both men
evaded capture and went into hiding.
Kandahar, the last major Taliban stronghold, fell on 7 December 2001, marking the end of the
Taliban's rule in Afghanistan.

2. U.S. strategy of defeating the Taliban militarily and rebuilding core institutions of the
Afghan state from 2002 until 2008
Deployment of first contingent of foreign peacekeepers - the Nato-led International Security
Assistance Force (ISAF) - marking the start of a protracted fight against the Taliban.

3.A turn to classic counterinsurgency doctrine
began in 2008 and accelerated with U.S. Pres. Barack Obamas 2009 decision to dramatically
increase the U.S. troop presence in Afghanistan.
UNITED NATIONS RESOLUTIONS

Creation of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), December 2001: The International
Security Assistance Force (ISAF) is a NATO-led security mission in Afghanistan that was established
by theUnited Nations Security Council in December 2001 by Resolution 1386,
[1]
as envisaged by
the Bonn Agreement.
[2]
Its main purpose is to train the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF) and
assist Afghanistan in rebuilding key government institutions but is also engaged in the 2001
present war with insurgent groups.
Establishment of the UN Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA), March 2002:The United Nations
Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) is a political UN mission established at the request of
the Government of Afghanistan to assist it and the people of Afghanistan in laying the foundations
for sustainable peace and development. UNAMA was established on 28 March 2002 by United
Nations Security Council Resolution 1401.
[1]
Its original mandate was to support the Bonn
Agreement (December 2001). Reviewed annually, this mandate has been altered over time to
reflect the needs of the country and was extended for another year until 19 March, 2014, by
Resolution 2096.
[2]

Declaration by NATO and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan on an enduring partnership, NATO
Summit Lisbon, Portugal, 2006:
NATO re-affirms its long-term commitment to a sovereign, independent, democratic, secure and
stable Afghanistan that will never again be a safe haven for terrorists and terrorism, and to a better
future for the Afghan people. Afghan security institutions aimed at:sustaining and improving their
capacity and capability to counter threats to the security, stability and integrity of Afghanistan effectively,
and contributing to regional security; and
doing so with full respect for Afghan sovereignty and leadership, in a manner consistent with and
supportive of the Afghan constitution and international law and recognising the sacrifices and the ongoing
endeavours of the Afghan people for achieving peace.



International Conference on Afghanistan, London, 31 January 1 February 2006;
The Afghanistan Compact: With a focus on security, governance, reconstruction
and development, and counter-narcotics, the Compact is a framework for
continued international engagement and support to Afghanistan.
International Conference on Afghanistan, London, 28 January 2010:
The aim was to draft plans to hand over security responsibilities from ISAF to
Afghan forces and to lure Taliban members to renounce violence

International Conference on Afghanistan, Kabul, 20 July 2010
The Kabul Conference is a critical stepping stone in a Kabul Process of transition
to full Afghan leadership and responsibility, building on previous international
commitments including the London Conference and outreach activities of the
Afghan GovernmentThe Kabul process in underway following the conference. To
achieve immediate results and increase confidence the Government undertook a
series of 100 day rolling reform initiatives, in addition to the implementation of the
Priority National Programmes.

Nato countries agree to troop withdrawal
In June 2011 US President Barack Obama announced that 10,000 US
troops would leave Afghanistan by the end of the year, and an additional
23,000 would leave by 2012. Canada withdrew all its troops in 2011, and
other Nato countries pledged to reduce their military presence.
In the UK, prime minster David Cameron pledged to end British combat
operations in Afghanistan by 2015. "I believe the country needs to know
there is an end point to all of this," he said, "so from 2015 there will not
be troops in anything like the numbers now and crucially, they will not be
in a combat role."
In a covert operation, US Navy SEALs (a special operations force) and CIA
operatives killed Osama Bin Laden on 2 May 2011, in his residential
compound in Abottabad, Pakistan.
Al-Qaeda swore to avenge Bin Laden's death. A statement posted on
jihadist websites stated: "We will remain, God willing, a curse chasing the
Americans and their agents, following them outside and inside their
countries."