0 evaluări0% au considerat acest document util (0 voturi)
44 vizualizări28 pagini
Selective laser sintering (SLS) can process a wide variety of materials as powders including polymers, metals, composites, ceramics, and biomaterials. SLS offers advantages over other rapid manufacturing techniques due to its ability to produce fully dense parts from semi-crystalline polymer powders with good mechanical properties. SLS can also produce porous structures suitable for applications in tissue engineering and can combine multiple materials to create functionally graded materials with varying properties.
Selective laser sintering (SLS) can process a wide variety of materials as powders including polymers, metals, composites, ceramics, and biomaterials. SLS offers advantages over other rapid manufacturing techniques due to its ability to produce fully dense parts from semi-crystalline polymer powders with good mechanical properties. SLS can also produce porous structures suitable for applications in tissue engineering and can combine multiple materials to create functionally graded materials with varying properties.
Selective laser sintering (SLS) can process a wide variety of materials as powders including polymers, metals, composites, ceramics, and biomaterials. SLS offers advantages over other rapid manufacturing techniques due to its ability to produce fully dense parts from semi-crystalline polymer powders with good mechanical properties. SLS can also produce porous structures suitable for applications in tissue engineering and can combine multiple materials to create functionally graded materials with varying properties.
SLS is superior to other rapid manufacturing techniques because of the wide variety of materials it can process. The materials include: 1. Wax 2. Cermets 3. Ceramics 4. nylon 5. Composite 6. Metal polymer 7. Metals and alloys etc. Any material can be combined with a low melting point material which will serve as glue/binder in SLS.
SLS also processes bio materials for fabricating scaffolds in tissue engineering scaffolds.
SLS can be used to process almost any materials provided it is available as powder and the powder particles tend to fuse when heat is applied. Most polymers used in SLS are thermoplastics.
Thermoplascs Amorphous crystalline Amorphous polymers are able to produce parts with very good dimensional accuracy and surface finish but they are only partially dense. Typical application is silicone rubber and epoxy molds. Parts made of these are only useful for application that do not require part strength. Semi crystalline polymers can be sintered to fully dense parts. Prototypes employed where wear resistance is the main consideration. Other polymer based materials are acrylic styrene for investment casting and an elastomer for rubber like applications. The mechanical properties are greatly affected by the process parameters for ex. Nylon 12 modulus is 10% less than that of injection moulded part. This is due to the porosity in the laser sintered part.
Glass filled polyamide (PA 3200 GF) has excellent mechanical properties and high accuracy can be used in SLS. Application of these materials are housing and parts used under elevated temperature conditions. Copper polyamide(intro. 1998) is a thermally conductive composite of copper and plastic and can be used to create tooling. Low material strength are the limitation in application of copper polyamide moulds.
Windform XT is a carbon filled polyamide which produces black parts with a smooth finish and a sparkling appearance. It has low density and a high tensile strength.
SLS allows producing metallic parts using some kind of sacrificial polymer binder. During early stages SLS of powder material proved unsuccessful due to balling, to overcome this two phase powder approach was used. DTM has developed rapidsteel powder composed of 60% SS and 40% bronze. It has better hardness, machinability, weldability, and thermal conductivity than steel powder coated with a thermoplastic. Laserform ST-100 is the latest tooling material to replace rapidsteel 2.0 and copper polyamide. It is fully dense after LS and has a surface roughness of 5 micron. Instead of using polymer binder direct sintering of metal powder is also done and then infiltrated with epoxy to fill the pores. The driving force for binding is physical diffusion of metal atoms and thus a slow phenomenon. The best combination for metal sintering is of iron and copper.
Ceramics are hard, brittle, high MP, chemically and thermally stable. The most common ceramics used in RP are Al 2 O 3 , S i O 2 , Z r O 2 . SLS has been used to produce parts using ceramic coated with binder. Maximum strength obtained is about 14 Mpa. Aluminum with SiC is light weight, high conductivity and wear resistance.
Functionally graded materials are a new generation material having continuous or discretely changing thermal and mechanical properties at the macroscopic or continuum scale.
SLS can fabricate such heterogeneous objects
SLS fabricated objects are usually porous. This porosity is a key property in biomedical applications, including artificial bones and tissue engineering fields. Polymethyl methacrylate coated calcium powder have been processed, polycaprolactone, a bioresrbable polymer are used for bone and cartilage tissue engineering. Basic materials used in FDM are ABS, Polyamide, Polycarbonate, Polyethylene, Polypropylene. In special FDM application silicon nitrate, PZT, aluminum oxide, hydroxypatite, and SS. FDM materials allows to manufacture real parts that are tough enough for prototyping, functional testing, installation and most importantly end use. Environmentally stable No appreciable warpage, shrinkage. Works well with soluble support materials, support removal is hands free. 40% stronger that standard materials. Offers widest range of color available with FDM technology. Versatile material Good for form, fit and moderate durable parts. 25-30% stronger than standard ABS material. Its the lowest cost material in the range of thermoplastic that work with FORTUS 360mc, 400mc, 900mc. Ideal for jigs, fixtures and manufacturing tooling. Bio compatible material. Sterilizable using gamma radiation or ETO sterilized. Soluble support material. Works with FORTUS 400mc, 900mc. Ideal material for medical, pharmaceutical, and food packaging.
Translucent material. Available in amber, red and natural color. Ideal for automotive tail lens and aerospace application. Allows monitor fluid movement such as in medical device. Most widely used industrial thermoplastic. Accurate, durable and stable for strong parts. High tensile strength and can handle high temperature. Used for parts in house, in automobiles and commercial equipment. Superior mechanical properties and heat resistance of PC. Excellent feature definition and surface appeal of ABS. Soluble support material. High impact strength and low volume manufacturing. Used for power tool prototyping and industrial application. Strongest and most heat resistant Bio compatible material available with FDM. Works with breakaway support material. Gamma or ETO sterilized. Used for drug, food packaging and medical application. Highest heat and chemical resistance of all FDM materials. Resistance to petroleum and solvents. Works with breakaway support material. Produce under the hood automotive, sterilizable medical devices, and tooling for demanding application. Developed primarily for the aerospace industry and also has application in the marine and other niche industries. Lightweight, flame retardant . V zero rating for flame, smoke and toxicity. High strength to weight ratio. Works with breakaway support material. For application where a static charge could damage components, impair performance or cause an explosion. Uses soluble support. Can be used in presence of powder, dust and mist. Used for creating jigs and fixtures for assembling electronic component, functional prototype for fuel storage. FDM nylon 12: 100-300% better elongation at break and superior fatigue strength and excellent chemical resistance.
Rutgers university have used the process to fabricate functional components of a variety of ceramic and metallic material such as silicon nitrate, PZT,Al 2 O 3 , hydroxypatite.
They mixed ceramic powder with organic powder which improved the property like flexibility, stiffness, and viscosity. Parts undergo further processing to remove the organic binder and then sintered to achieve densification.