Matrices

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 Matrices
• A Matrix (Matrices- • Example
Plural ) is a • A company manufactures
rectangular sofas and chairs in
C o lu m n of
arrangement three models A,B,C. The
company manufactures
s
numbers enclosed in 10 model A sofas, 12
R o wbrackets. model B sofas , 5 model
s C sofas, 15 model A
• chairs, 20 model B
• chairs, 8 model C chairs
in August.
• • How to organise ?
• Each number inside the •
matrix is called an • Sofas 10mod-A 12 mod-B 5
mod C
element • Chairs 15 mod-A 20 mod-B
• A matrix is referred to 8 mod C
by a capital letter •
• M=
 A= Manavazhaganr@Bsnl.in
 Matrices - Quiz
• What is the order of the
following matrices?
• Row matrix
• 1. 2  Matrix having one
by 2 row
• •
•
• Column matrix
• 2. 3 by 3
•
 Matrix having one
• 3. 1 by 3 Column
• •
• 4. 4 by 1 •
• • Equal matrices
•  1.Matrices should have same
order
 And
2.Corresponding pairs of
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elements should be equal
 Addition of Matrices

Rule


• Only matrices with

same order can
be added or
subtracted
• Example
• A= B=
• Find the sum of A
&B
• A+B =
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 Subtraction of Matrices

Rule


• Only matrices with

same order can
be added or
subtracted
• Example
• A= B=
• Subtract A from B
• A-B =

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 Addition & Subtraction of
Matrices- Quiz

• Example • Only matrices with

• A= B= same order can
be added or
• subtracted
• Find the sum of A
•
&B
•
• Example
• A= B=
• Subtract A from B
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 The result matrix will
R u le :have
u m as
b e rmany
o f C orows
lu m nas
s oAf and
A shas many
b e colum
Multiplication of NMatrices o u ld equa

• Example
• A= B=
Step-3 : Multiply elements
• Find the product of
of first row of A and the
A &B corresponding elements of
 Step-1 :Verify no. of the second column of B
columns of A & rows of B and add
Columns of A = 3 Rows of B= 
=
3
 Step-2 : Multiply elements •
(2*6 ) + (3*8) + (5*-2) =
26
of first row of A and the
corresponding elements of •
the first column of B and  Step-4 : Multiply elements of
add Second row of A and the
corresponding elements of the
 (2*8 ) + (3*2) + (5*5) = first column of B and add
47 =
A x •
B = Manavazhaganr@Bsnl.in
 The result matrix will
Rule have
Multiplication of: Number
as of
many
Matrices Columns
rows as
of A Aand
should
as many
be equal
colum

Step-5 : Multiply elements

of second row of A and the

corresponding elements of • Step-7 : Multiply elements
the second column of B of third row of A and the
and add corresponding elements

of the second column of

= B and add



• =

 Step-6 : Multiply elements of

third row of A and the Example - 2
corresponding elements of
2 x
the first column of B and =
add =


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Multiplication & Resultant Matrix-
Rule
A is 2x2
B is 2x4
Must Match

Order of
AB

2X4

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 The result matrix Rule Number
will :have as of Columns
many of A Aand
rows as should be equal
as many colum

Matrix Multiplication- Quiz

• Which of the • What is the order of the

following resultant matrix of
the following
matrices can be multiplication
multiplied • A is 4x2 B is 2x4
• A is 2x2 B is 2x2  AxB = 4x4 matrix
• A is 5x5 B is 2x5
• A is 3x2 B is 2x3  AxB = not possible
• A is 4x5 B is 5x2 • A is 3x7 B is 7x4
• A is 7x3 B is 2x7  AxB = 3x4 matrix
• A is 9x8 B is 8x4
• A is 4x2 B is 3x4 • AxB = 9x4 matrix
• A is 432x231 B is • A is 800x 999 B is 999x4
231x4 • AxB = 800x4 matrix
•
• •
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 Only square matrices can have
Inverse of a Matrix
 1.Determinant of a
Matrix • Determinant of 3x3
 Determinant of a matrix A is matrix
A
written as |A|
• =
• Determinant of 2x2 |A | =
A
matrix
=
• |=
|A
• | = a 1 1 *a 2 2 – a 1 2 *a 2 1
|A | =a11 - a12
|A
• + a13
1 .•Determinant of the
•Matrix
2 . Minor of the Matrix


3 .•Cofactor of the
Matrix
4 .•Transpose of the
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
 Determinant of a Matrix -
Exercise
 Find the Determinant  Difference Between
of matrix A : Matrix &
Determinant:
1.Matrix is not always
square.
Determinant is
always square.
2.Determinant is
enclosed
between two
parallel lines
3.Determinant can be
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reduced to a
 1 . Determinant of the Matrix

Inverse of a Matrix 2 . Minor of the Matrix

3 . Cofactor of the Matrix
4 . Transepose
5 . Adjoint of the Matrix

• 2.Minor of a • 3.Cofactor of a
Matrix Matrix
• A minor of an element aij • Cofactor is a minor with
sign
is denoted by Mij is a • It is written as Cij = (-
sub- 1)i+j Mij
determinant of • C11 = (-1)1+1 M11
all
A
elements A
=
(-1) 2M
obtained by eleminating
= • = 11
i j
th row and th column.
• M11 • =
=
•
M12
=
• C12 = (-1)1+2 M12 Sign
Matri
(-1) 3M x
• =
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12
 4. Transpose of the
Matrix
 Transpose of a matrix A is
denoted by AT
 A=



AT =

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 Inverse of a 1 . Determinant of the Matrix
2 . Minor of the Matrix
3 . Cofactor of the Matrix

Matrix
4 . Transpose of a matrix
5 . Adjoint of the Matrix

• 5.Adjoint of a
Matrix • Step-2: Substitute
• A matrix obtained by Cofactors in A and
replacing its elements transpose it.
with their corresponding
cofactors and than •
A =taking transpose is
Step - 1 : Find
called thematrix.
Adjoint
 Adj.(A) =
Cofactors of A T
Cofactor ofNoted
8 = as Adj.(A
(-1)1+1
)
* Minor of 8 Adj.(AT) =
Cofactor of 8 =(-1)1+1 * 4
Cofactor of 8 =4
Cofactor of 2 (-1)1+2
= * Minor of 2
Cofactor of 2 = -6
2+1
Cofactor of 6 =(-1) * Minor of 6
Cofactor of 6 = -4
2+2
Cofactor of 4 =(-1) * Minor of 4
Cofactor of 4 = 8 Manavazhaganr@Bsnl.in
Inverse of a Cofactor of 8 =
(-1)1+1 * Minor of 8

Matrix Cofactor
Cofactor
of
of
8
8
=(-1)1+1
=4
* 4

• Inverse of a matrix Cofactor of 2 (-1)1+2

= * Minor of 2
A is A-1 = Adj Cofactor of 2 = -6
2+1
Cofactor of 6 =(-1) * Minor of 6
AT |A | Cofactor of 6 = -4
•
2+2
Example Cofactor of 4 =(-1) * Minor of 4
Cofactor of 4 = 8
• A=
Step - 4 : Find the
Step - 1 : Find the
Determinant of A Adjoint ( A T )
|A| = 32-12 = 20
Step - 2 : Find the 
Cofactors of A Step - 5 : Apply formula

for Inverse
 A-1=1/20



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 Matrix-Applications

• AX= B
• A-1 (AX) = A-1 B
• (A-1 A)X = A-1 B
• IX= A-1 B
• X= A-1 B
• AA-1 = I
•
Ø Input-Output Matrix
Ø
Ø ProductionMatrix
Ø Manavazhaganr@Bsnl.in
Demand Matrix
 Matrix-Applications
 1. Suppose a simplified economy involves just 3
commodities: agriculture , manufacturing ,
transportation. Production of 1/2 unit of agriculture
requires 2 units of manufacturing, 1/4 unit of
transportation. Production of 1 unit of
manufacturing requires ¼ units of agriculture and ¼
units of transportation. Production of 1 unit of
transportation requires 1/3 units of agriculture and
¼ units of manufacturing. Write the input-output
matrix of this economy.

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 Identity Matrix

• I=
•
• I=

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