1

ALARM AND PERFORMANCE

MONITORING

SDH
2
Overhead Termination
LPT HPT MST RST RST MST HPT LPT
RSOH
MSOH
VC-4 POH
VC-12, VC-3 POH
2M, 34M Unit STM-n Unit 2M, 34M Unit
LPT: Lower-order Path termination
HPT: High-order Path termination
MST: Multiplex Section Termination
RST: Regenerator Section Termination
STM-n Unit
STM-n Unit or
140M Unit
STM-n Unit or
140M Unit
3
Overhead Termination
STM-N unit
STM-N
TSI unit
RST MST HPT LPT
Crossconnect
Level

VC-12 or VC-3
2M or 34M
2M or 34M unit
STM-N unit
STM-N
TSI unit
RST MST HPT
Crossconnect
Level

VC-4
140M
140M unit
STM-N unit
STM-N
TSI unit
RST MST HPT HPT MST RST
Crossconnect
Level

VC-12 or VC-3
STM-N
STM-N unit
STM-N unit
STM-N
TSI unit
RST MST RST
Crossconnect
Level

VC-4
STM-N
STM-N unit
MST
4
Performance Monitoring Point
Physical Layer

Section Layer

Adaptation

High/Low-order Path Termination
5
Optical Interface
LDBC : Laser Diode Bias Current

PDH Interface
CV-L : Code Rule Violation
ES-L : Errored Second
SES-L : Severely Errored Second
External Clock Interface
CV- : Code Rule Violation
ES- : Errored Second)
SES- : Severely Errored Second

: L or P
Performance Monitoring
-Physical Layer-
6
Regenerator (RS) and Multiplex (MS) Section
ES- : Errored Second
SES- : Severely Errored Seconds
BBE- : Background Block Error
UAS- : Unavailable Seconds
OFS- : Out of Frame Seconds (OOF)

Multiplex Section Far-end
ES-MSFE : Errored Second
SES-MSFE : Severely Errored Seconds
BBE-MSFE : Background Block Error
UAS-MSFE : Unavailable Seconds

Multiplex Section
PSC : Protection Switching Count
PSD : Protection Switching Duration
: RS or MS
Performance Monitoring
-Section Layer-
7
AU-4 Pointer

PJE (positive) : Pointer Justification Event (positive)
PJE (negative) : Pointer Justification Event (negative)

Performance Monitoring
-Adaptation-
8
High/Low-order Path (receiving direction)
ES- : Errored Second
SES- : Severely Errored Seconds
BBE- : Background Block Error
UAS- : Unavailable Seconds

High/Low-order Path (transmitting direction)
ES-FE : Errored Second
SES-FE : Severely Errored Seconds
BBE-FE : Background Block Error
UAS-FE : Unavailable Seconds

: HO or LO
Performance Monitoring
-Path Termination-
9
Terms and Definitions
(used by error performance)
EDC : Error Detection Code
Block : block
EB : Errored Block
Defect : defect
ES : Errored Second
SES : Severely Errored Second
BBE : Background Block Error
CV : Code Violation
UAS : Unavailable Second
10
1
2
2 3 4 8
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8 2 3 4 9
3 1
2 6 2
2
2 6 3
2 3 4 8 2 3 4 9
G r o u p o f 8 b i t s
V C - 4
2 6 1
B l o c k
( 1 8 7 9 2 b i t s / b l o c k )
BIP-8 of VC-4
B3
BIP-8 check sequence
11
Terms and Definitions
(used by error performance)
EDC : Error Detection Code
Block : block
EB : Errored Block
Defect : defect
ES : Errored Second
SES : Severely Errored Second
BBE : Background Block Error
CV : Code Violation
UAS : Unavailable Second
12
Terms and Definitions
(used by error performance)
EDC : Error Detection Code
Block : block
EB : Errored Block
Defect : defect
ES : Errored Second
SES : Severely Errored Second
BBE : Background Block Error
CV : Code Violation
UAS : Unavailable Second
13
Relation between ES, SES and BBE
B
l
o
c
k
s
i
n
1
s
e
c
.
p
e
r
i
o
d
30 %
1 sec.
ES
SES
EB }
BBE nonEB
14
Terms and Definitions
(used by error performance)
EDC : Error Detection Code
Block : block
EB : Errored Block
Defect : defect
ES : Errored Second
SES : Severely Errored Second
BBE : Background Block Error
CV : Code Violation
UAS : Unavailable Second
15
10 sec. 10 sec. < 10 sec.
Unavailability detected Availability detected
Unavailable period Available period
Error-free second
Severely errored second
SES
Errored second
ES
Unavailable Second
16
1 day
(Yesterday)
Current 1 day (Today)
data update : every 1 min.
0 : 00 0 : 00
TCA (Threshold Crossing Alert)
1 day accumulation
32 periods with zero suppression
(32) (2) (1)
15 min.
hh : 15n hh : 15(n+1)
Current 15 min.
data update : every 1 min.
15 minute accumulation
TCA (Threshold Crossing Alert)
Storage of PM data
time past future
0
*
*
0
*
0
*
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
*
*
0
*
*
0
*
0
*
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
*
*
item a
item b
item x
item y
item a
item b
item x
item y
memory old new
Zero Suppression
all zero data with time stamp of occurrence
Zero Suppression
PM items of one facility
17
Error Detection Point
LO Path
HO Path
MS
RS
RST
B2
MST MST
B1
RST HPT HPT
BIP-8
BIP-24N
REI
REI
M1
G1
STM-16
STM-4
STM-1o
STM-1e
STM-16
STM-4
STM-1o
STM-1e
STM-16
STM-4
STM-1o
STM-16
STM-4
STM-1o
REI
B3
CMI
CV
2M/34M 2M/34M
BIP-2
V5
V5
BIP-8
HDB3
BPV
LPT LPT
Generate
Terminate
140M or
STM-N
140M or
STM-N
18
Office Alarms

Miscellaneous Alarms and Controls

LCT and NMS

Housekeeping Alarms and Controls

Alarms and Remote Controls
19
Alarms Output Control
Output Function

Prompt Maintenance (PM) alarm Indicates prompt maintenance alarm initiated in
the local or remote NE.

Deferred Maintenance (DM) alarm Indicates deferred maintenance alarm initiated in
the local or remote NE.

Remote (RMT) alarm Indicates an alarm is initiated in the remote NE.
User can select whether he contains it or not into a
lighting condition of DM lamp with a switch of
lamp section.

Maintenance (MAINT) status Indicates the local or remote NE is in
maintenance status.

Alarm signal for bell (AB) Indicates the local NE is in alarm by a
station alarm bell.

Alarm signal for lamp (AL) Indicates the local NE is in alarm by a
station alarm.
20
Alarm States and Severity
CR - Critical
MJ - Major
MN - Minor
WA - Warning
RMT - Remote
IN - Indeterminate
NA - No Alarm (report status)
21
Remote Alarms-1
MUX
Station A
REG
Station 1
REG
Station 2
MUX
Station B
MUX
Station C
REG 1 REG 2
REG 1
REG 2
REG 1
REG 2
REG 1
REG 2
: Alarm occurrance station
: Remote alarm detection station
: Station in which the alarm generated in REG 1 is detected as a remote alarm
: Station in which the alarm generated in REG 2 is detected as a remote alarm
22
Remote Alarm-2
ALM1 MJ
ALM2 MJ
ALM3 MJ
ALM4 MJ
ALM5 MN
FE_MJ
MUX Station A
MUX Station B
FE_MN
23
NMS Network Structure
Bridge
LCT
INC
-100
Bridge
DCCr DCCr DCCr
DCCr
DCCr
DCCr
D
C
C
r
L
A
N
L
A
N
Data channel ( D4~12 or other )
Area 1 Area 2
L
A
N
AGENT
SC
AGENT
SC
AGENT
SC
AGENT
SC
AGENT
SC
AGENT
SC
AGENT
SC
AGENT
SC
AGENT
SC
AGENT
SC
AGENT
SC
AGENT
SC
AGENT
SC
AGENT
SC
AGENT
SC
24
Remote Access by LCT
25
Housekeeping Alarms and Controls
Housekeeping Alarm Inputs

Housekeeping Control Outputs