PHY 130: FUNDAMENTAL

PHYSICS

PHY 130 : FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS
COURSE WORK
Test-20 %
Quiz & Assignment-10 %
Experiment-20 %

FINAL
Final exam - 50 %
TOTAL = 100 %

REFERENCES
Douglas C. Giancoli (2006),
Physics for Scientist &
Engineers, 6
th
Ed.
Prentice Hall, United States of
America.

(TEXT BOOK)








SYSTEM OF UNITS
CHAPTER 1
SYSTEM OF UNITS
Basic Quantities
Derived Quantities
Units
Prefixes
Dimensional Analysis







Physical
Quantities
* Basis of physical
quantities
* Combination of
one or more basic
quantity quantities
BASIC
QUANTITIES
DERIVED
QUANTITIES
Basis of physical quantities
Example :
Length (m)
Mass (kg)
Time (s)
Temperature (K)
Electric current (A)


Combination of one or more
basic quantities.
Example :
Area (m
2
)
Volume (m
3
)
Velocity (ms
-1
)
Acceleration (ms
-2
)
BASIC
QUANTITIES
COMBINATION OF
QUANTITIES
DERIVED
QUANTITIES
Length (Length)
2
Area(m
2
)
Length (Length)
3
Volume(m
3
)

Length, time Length/time Speed(ms
-1
)

Length, time Length/(time)
2
Acceleration(ms
-2
)

Length, mass Mass/(length)
3
Density(kgm
-3
)
Mass, time (Mass x length)/(time)
2
Force(kgms
-2
)

SCIENTIFIC NOTATION

A way of writing numbers that accommodates values too large
or small to be conveniently written in standard decimal notation
In scientific notation, numbers are written in the form:



Example:
An electron's mass is about
0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 910 938 22 kg.
In scientific notation, this is written 9.109382210
31
kg.
Physical quantities measured by using units
1960 General Conference on Weights and
Measures decided on a universal system of unit
called the International System or SI based on the
metric system,( meter, kilogram, second )
Name Symbol Quantity
metre m length
kilogram kg mass
second s time
ampere A electric current
kelvin K
thermodynamic
temperature
mole mol amount of substance
candela cd luminous intensity
UNITS

Used to simplify big numbers.
Replace powers of ten.

POWER PREFIX ABBREV.

x 10
-12
pico p
x 10
-9
nano n
x 10
-6
micro
x 10
-3
milli m
x 10
-2
centi c
x 10
3
kilo k
x 10
6
Mega M
x 10
9
Giga G
x 10
12
Tera T
PREFIXES

2000 m = 2 x 10
3
m = 2 km

0.005 m = 5 x 10
-3
m = 5 mm

45 000 000 bytes = 45 x 10
6
bytes
= 45 Mbytes

0.00000008 s = 80 x 10
-9
s = 80 ns

200 mA = 200 x 10
-3
A

PREFIXES

Example :
3 km = ? m
1 km = 1000 m
3 km = 3 x 1000 m
=3000 m
or 3 km = 3 km x 1000 m
1 km
= 3000 m
CONVERSION OF UNITS

45 cm = ? km





km 4.5x10 cm 45
km 45x10 cm 45
m 1000
1km
cm 100
1m
x cm 45 cm 45
4
5

=
=
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=
CONVERSION OF UNITS

35 km.hr
-1
= ? m.s
-1


1 1
ms 9.72 km.hr 35
s
m
60x60
35x1000
1hr
km 35
s 60
1min
min 60
1hr
km 1
m 1000
1hr
km 35
hr 1
km 35

=
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=
CONVERSION OF UNITS

20 kg.m
-3
= ? g.cm
-3

( )
( )
3 2 3
3 3
3
3
3 3
3
3 3
cm . g 10 x 2 m . kg 20
cm
g
100 x 100 x 100
1000 x 20
m 1
kg 20
cm 100
m 1
kg 1
g 1000
m 1
kg 20
m 1
kg 20
cm 100
m 1
kg 1
g 1000
m 1
kg 20
m 1
kg 20

=
|
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|

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=
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=
CONVERSION OF UNITS

Three basic ways to describe a physical
quantity the space it takes, the matter it
contains, and how long it persists.
All measurements reduce to length, time, and
mass
Three primary dimensions: Length(L),
Mass(M), and Time(T)
Additional dimensions: electric current(A) and
Temperature().
DIMENSIONS

Dimensions of a quantity are the base units that
make it up; they are generally written using square
brackets.
Example: Speed = distance / time
Dimensions of speed: [L/T]
Quantities that are being added or subtracted
must have the same dimensions.
In addition, a quantity calculated as the solution
to a problem should have the correct dimensions.
DIMENSIONS & DIMENSIONAL
ANALYSIS

Check validity of equations/expressions
Determine exponent of equations

Example 1 :
Given that an equation mass = density x area Is that
equation correct?

DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS

Answer :
If [left hand side] = [right hand side], then equation
is valid.
Therefore: [mass] = [density] x [area]
Density = mass / volume
Volume = length x width x height

Dimension density : [] = [M/ L
3
] = [ML
-3
]
Dimension area : [A] = [L
2
] = [L
2
]
Dimension mass : [m] = [M]

[left hand side] = [right hand side]
[mass] = [density] x [area]
[M] = [ML
-3
] x [L
2
]
[M] = [ML
-1
]

Therefore, [left hand side] [right hand side].
The equation is not correct.












t so
a so
n m
t ka s =
( )
n m m
n m m
n
m
n m
T L L
T T L L
T
T
L
L
t ka s
+

=
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
=
2
2
2
] [ ] [
Example 2 :

Given that and and
Where k is constant. Find the values of m and n by using
the dimensional analysis.


Answer :





If the equation is true, then the exponent of each
dimension on each side of the equation must be equal.
Hence,
Looking at L;
Looking at T:
Solving for m and n ; m = 1 and n = 2
Therefore the equation s = kat
2
The value of k is actually
This is an equation for an object accelerating from rest
i.e

n m 2 m 0 1
T L T L
+
=
m 1=
n m 2 0 + =
2
at
2
1
s =
ASSIGNMENT 1
QUESTION 1
Derive the dimensions of the following physical
quantities :
a) Momentum
b) Work
c) Power
d) Energy
e) Specific heat capacity
f) Electric charge
g) Frequency

QUESTION 2
Show that the dimensions of the folowing equations
are homogeneous.
a) Impulse, Ft = m(v-u)
Thank You
Coming up next :
MOTION IN ONE DIMENSION