Elements of Design

The elements of
design are the tools
use to create any
thing.
Elements of Design
Line
Color
Texture
Shape
Form


The color wheel is
divided into three
categories: primary,
secondary, and
tertiary.

The three primary colors
are Red, Yellow and
Blue.

These colors are
considered to be
foundation colors
because they are used
to create all other
colors
Secondary COLOURs.

secondary colors are
green, orange and
violet (purple).

A secondary color is
made by mixing two
primary colors.

2 primary colours giving one
secondary



1primary +1primary=
secondary.

Red+yellow giving orange.
TERTIARY COLOURS.
Tertiary or Intermediate
colors


Intermediate colors,
sometimes called tertiary
colors, are made by mixing
a secondary and a primary
color together.


COLOUR WHEEL.
Color wheels show how visible
colors are
related.primary,secondary, and
tertiary colors are organized on a
circular chart.
Color wheels help artists
remember and designer how to
mix and think about pigments.

Colour placement.


Properties of Color:
Hue-the name of a
color. The primary
hues are red, yellow,
and blue.
Value-refers to the
lightness or darkness
of an object.
Intensity-refers to the
brightness and
dullness of a color.
SHADES of COLOURS.
Shades are dark
values of a color. One
usually makes shades
by
mixing a color with
different amounts
of black.





Colors are also divided into cool and warm categories. The cool
colors are green, blue and violet. Warm colors are red, orange
and yellow.

WARM COLOURS.
Warm colors are made
mostly of red, orange
and yellow.
This family of colors is
called warm because they
remind you of warm things
like the sun or fire.
Warm colors can even
make you feel warmer
because they can slightly
increase your circulation
and body temperature!

A tint of a color is
made by adding
white.

A shade is made
by adding black.

NEUTRALS.
Neutral colors
Neutral colors or earth
tones are not seen on
most color wheel .
Black, gray, whites are
neutral.
COMPLEMENTARY colours
Complementary pairs
contrast because they
share no common colors.
For example, red and
green are complements.

Triadic -

This scheme also
uses three colors.
They are evenly
spaced from each
other. (example: red,
yellow, and blue)


Alternate complement -

This scheme uses
four colors: a triad
and a complement to
one of the hues.
(example: red, yellow,
blue and violet)


Double complement -

This color scheme
uses two pairs of
complements.
(example: yellow and
violet, blue and
orange)

Tetrad -

This scheme uses
four colors evenly
spaced on the color
wheel. A primary,
secondary and two
tertiary colors are
used. (example: red,
green, yellow-orange,
and blue-violet)

Split complementary

This color scheme
uses three colors: any
hue and the two
adjacent to its
complement.
(example: red, yellow-
green, and blue-
green)

Monochromatic is where one color is used but in different values and intensity.


Point

A point is an element that has
position, but no extension.


Alone it can provide a
powerful relation between
negative and positive space,

Line or form is a natural
result of multiple points in
space.
Line
Line - the path of a point.
A line is an element
characterized by length and
direction.

lines that are grouped together
often create a sense of value,
density or texture.
Rigid
Organic
Differing weights
Characteristic of Line are:

Width- thick, thin, tapering,
uneven

Length - long, short,
continuous, broken

Direction- horizontal, vertical,
diagonal, curving,
perpendicular, oblique,
parallel, radial, zigzag

Focus- sharp, blurry, fuzzy,
choppy

Feeling- sharp, jagged,
graceful, smooth

Horizontal line


Vertical lines
PLAY OF CURVED LINES

Straight lines

Form

A three-dimensional
object with height,
width, depth, and
contour.

Shapes

Geometric Shapes- Circles, Squares,
rectangles and triangles. We see
them in architecture and manufactured
items.


Organic Shapes- Leaf, seashells,
flowers. We see them in nature and
with characteristics that are free flowing,
informal and irregular.


Texture
.
Texture is the element of
design that refers to how
things feel, or look as if
they might feel if touched.

Texture can be: hard,
soft, rough, smooth,
slippery, sticky,
scratchy.


Texture

Texture is both a visual
and a tactile.


Texture often refers to the
material that something is
made of, and can be
created using any of the
elements previously
discussed.
Rough texture
Organic texture

On fabric & wood



The ways in which these elements can be used
are called principles:-

1. repetition,
2. rhythm,
3. graduation and radiation,
4. contrast,
5. harmony,
6. balance and proportion.
REPETITION

When a single
element is repeated
again and again.
Can also be
Is repeated
elements which
is varied in size,
shape or color.

Also known as
Pattern

GRADATION
Gradation of size and direction.
Gradation of of colour from warm to cool and tone from
dark to light.
Gradation can add interest and movement to a shape.




Balance

Balance is an equilibrium that results from
looking at images and judging them
against our ideas of physical structure
(such as mass, gravity or the sides of a
page). It is the arrangement of the objects
in a given design as it relates to their
visual weight within a composition.
Balance usually comes in two forms:
symmetrical and asymmetrical.
Asymmetrical

Asymmetrical balance occurs when
the weight of a composition is not
evenly distributed around a central
axis.


In general, asymmetrical
compositions tend to have a greater
sense of visual tension.

Asymmetrical balance is also known
as informal balance. Horizontal
symmetry

Rhythm
Created by
repetition,
radiation,
progression
and
transition.

Rhythm

Rhythm is the repetition or alternation of elements, often
with defined intervals between them. Rhythm can create
a sense of movement, and can establish pattern and
texture. There are many different kinds of rhythm, often
defined by the feeling it evokes when looking at it.

Regular: A regular rhythm occurs when the intervals
between the elements, and often the elements
themselves, are similar in size or length.

Flowing: A flowing rhythm gives a sense of movement,
and is often more organic in nature.

Progressive: A progressive rhythm shows a sequence of
forms through a progression of steps.


Proportion

Proportion is the
comparison of
dimensions or
distribution of
forms.

It is the
relationship in
scale between one
element and
another, or
between a whole
object and one of
its parts.

Emphasis
A. Closely related to
focal point. Focuses
the attention on one
feature and keeps
everything else
secondary.
B. Can be created by
texture, color, and
kind of flower and
movement.
Or say
Drawing attention to
the main object.
All elements; like line,
color, and shapes,
direct your eye to the
main point.

unity
Oneness makes
all the elements and
principals work
together to form a
piece of art.

Also called Harmony
Thank You
Start with the Exercise.