PREPARED BY:

Group No-

RESEARCH AREAS TO FOCUS

INTRODUCTION
PROPERTIES OF WEAR MATERIALS
MATERIALS SELECTION PROCESS
MANUFACTURING PROCESS SELECTION
BASICS OF WEAR MATERIALS
SUBSTRATE SELECTION
SURFACE MODIFICATIONS
APPLICATIONS AND EXAMPLES OF WEAR
MATERIALS
wear applications is an important part of both
technological advancement and manufacturing
activities.
However, materials selection is often viewed as a
random process or worse.
The selection of materials and methods for wear
applications is an important part of both technological
advancement and manufacturing activities
Materials application, performance, and
manufacturability are all key parts in the selection for
wear resistance applications.
WHAT IS WEAR?




HARMFUL EFFECTS:
Causes failure of machines
Reduces efficiency of machine parts
Significant maintenance
Heavy replacement costs
Leads to increase in clearances
Progressive loss of material
A wear material may be used to reduce dimensional
changes due to unwanted material removal, reduce
frictional losses, to tailor the physical performance of a
component, and/or to provide a physically stable
working surface.
The wear environment can be dry, wet, warm, cold,
and so on.
Wear taking place in a corrosive marine environment
will be more damaging than the marine environment
or the wear alone.
The classic method of selecting a wear material is to
use what has always been used in the past for a
particular application.
following guidelines can allow for the rapid selection
and insertion of an optimal wear system into
operational use:
a) Specify the maximum operational limits of the wear
materials system for safety and lifetime. Properties
that make some wear films excellent for one particular
application may be completely unsuitable for other
uses.
Specify the normal operational parameters and
acceptable performance criteria of the wear materials
system. Performance criteria would include the
number of cycles of use and the physical and chemical
exposure environment before, during, and after use.
Establish the degree of mechanical, physical (thermal
expansion, dielectric constant, and so on), and
chemical compatibility the wear material must have
with the system. The real process of wear material
selection begins once the preceding steps have been
taken.
Material availability and cost are closely related factors
usually taken into account at the same time. The cost
of a particular wear material is almost exclusively
controlled by its availability.
BASICS OF WEAR MATERIALS
Wear materials tend to be one of two types: (1)
bulk solids or (2) coatings, films
A bulk wear material will typically provide long-
term wear surface use. There is more of a wear
part available for continued use provided that
significant dimensional changes have not affected
the actual performance of the tool.
coatings or films can enable the use of a material
that is unsuitable in the bulk form but has very
good performance when combined with other
materials in a multicomponent wear system
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
SELECTION
The physical properties of wear coatings may vary
depending on the deposition method and
technique.
The standard cost savings from continuous and
semi continuous manufacturing methods such as
extrusion and rolling versus stamping and milling
operations also apply for wear materials.
Many of the physical, optical, chemical, electrical
properties of wear films will be controlled or
modified by their degree of deviation from
perfection imparted during manufacture
SUBSTRATE SELECTION

There are several basic principles involved in
substrate selection for wear film deposition.
The material has to be compatible with the
chemistry of the wear film deposition and growth
environment.
The substrate cannot have a coefficient of
thermal expansion that is far greater or less than
that of the wear film.
This criterion can be reduced in importance by
the use of very thin films that tend not to build
up large internal stresses.
SURFACE MODIFICATIONS
The as-formed surface of some wear materials can be very
rough.
The degree of roughness can prevent the use of these
materials as bearings if there is no method of making the
surface smooth.
These surfaces may be rough or chemically reactive and
require an additional preparative step such as polishing or a
run in period prior to their use.
Films need to have less than a 0.4-m peak-to-valley
roughness in general to be used for bearings.
Surfaces with roughness greater than 5 m peak-tovalley
roughness have been found to be unacceptable
APPLICATIONS AND EXAMPLES OF
WEAR MATERIALS
There are a variety of other materials that
have
and are being used in wear applications
Ceramics Polymers