Epithelium I

Craig A. Canby, Ph.D.

Professor of Anatomy
Set the Stage

Clinical teaser
Classification of epithelia
Specializations of the plasmalemma
Clinical teaser
2
3
A mother brings her 10-year-old son to the
pediatrician at a major University teaching medical
center. She is concerned about his chronic
respiratory problems and recurring episodes of ear
infections. The physical examination reveals
swollen nasal mucosa, impaired sense of smell,
and abnormal lung sounds. A nasal biopsy was
obtained and sent to pathology and imaging
studies were ordered.
Clinical teaser
4
Epithelium its everywhere
Fig. 5.1 Ross Histology
Cell domains,
basal lamina,
and avascular
5
The stria vascularis is a
special type of epithelium
that is vascular.

Located in the cochlear
duct and produces
endolymph.
Erythrocyte in capillary
Fig 25.16 Wheaters
Functional Histology, 5
th
ed
6
Characterstics used to classify epithelia
Number of cell layers
Cell shape in superficial layer
Presence of specializations of the plasma
membrane
7
8
Types of epithelia
Wheaters Functional Histology, 5
th
edition
Simple squamous
Fig. 5.1
9
Alveolus
Blood vessel
Mesothelium
Functions
Blood-brain barrier
Filtration
Exchange
Simple cuboidal
10
Locations
Thyroid follicles
Renal tubules
Ducts of glands
Functions
Absorption
Secretion
Barrier
Conduit
Simple columnar
11
Locations
Stomach
Intestines
Nonciliated
Ciliated
Location
Uterine tubes
Functions
Absorption
Secretion
Barrier
Pseudostratified columnar, ciliated
12
Trachea
Bronchi
Ducts of male reproductive system
(stereocilia are present)
Functions
Secretion
Absorption
Barrier
Transport
Stratified squamous
13
Keratinized (K)
Nonkeratinzied
Nonkeratinized
Esophagus
Distal anal canal
Vagina

Keratinized
Epidermis
Functions
Barrier
Protection
Fig 5.7 Wheaters Atlas, 5
th
ed
Squamous cell carcinoma
14
Fig 5.8
Stratified cuboidal not common
15
Transitional (urothelium)
16
Locations
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Functions
Barrier
Protection
Distension
17
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Blad
der_urothelial_carcinoma_%281%29_pT1.JPG
http://www.urologycenter.com/i/01_Bladder_Cancer.jpg
Transitional cell carcinoma
Fig. 5-31. Color Textbook of Histology, 2
nd
ed
Plate 2, Ross Histology, 6
th
ed
Plate 60, Ross Histology, 6
th
ed
Metaplasia
18
Specializations of the plasmalemma
Cilia:
motile
primary aka monocilium (nonmotile)
nodal (motile)
Flagella
Microvilli
Stereocilia (stereovilli)
19
20
Motile cilium
Fig 5-7. Ross Histology
9 + 2 array of MTs

Above array forms from
basal body (9 x 3)

Dynein ATPase
21
Ciliated respiratory epithelium
Fig 5.8. Histology A Text and Atlas, 6
th
ed
22
Primary aka monocilium (nonmotile) cilium
Fibroblast
Epithelial cells of collecting tubule
Serve as chemosensors, osmoreceptors, and mechanoreceptors
Mediate light, taste, and sound perception
Pivotal role in normal tissue morphogenesis
23
Primary cilium and polycystic kidney disease
Note change of
spindle orientation
N Engl J Med 2011;364:1533-43
Nodal cilia are located
in the primitive node
NVP
25 Fig. 5.3. Histology A Text and Atlas, 6
th
ed
Microvilli
Fig. 3-17. Human Histology, 3
rd
ed
Cilium
and microvilli
26
Cross-sectional profiles
of microvilli and cilium
Fig. 3-15. Wheaters
Functional Histology,
4
th
ed
Brush (striated) border and glycocalyx: PAS+
27
Fig 5.4 Histology A Text and Atlas, 6
th
ed
Stereocilia (stereovilli) male reproductive ducts
28
Fig 5.5 Histology A Text and Atlas, 6
th
ed
29
Stereocilia sensory epithelium
of inner ear
30
A mother brings her 10-year-old son to the
pediatrician at a major University teaching medical
center. She is concerned about his chronic
respiratory problems and recurring episodes of ear
infections. The physical examination reveals
swollen nasal mucosa, impaired sense of smell,
and abnormal lung sounds. A nasal biopsy was
obtained and sent to pathology and imaging
studies were ordered.
Clinical teaser
31
Pathologic finding at the EM level
Reference normal From patient
Figures 5.7 and F5.2.1
Imaging studies
Fig 59-17 Sabiston Textbook of
Surgery, 18
th
ed

Source of CT images unknown.
32
Findings
Chronic sinusitis
Bronchiectasis
Situs inversus