IGP Redistribution Part1

IGP Redistribution Part 1
CIS 185 Advanced Routing

Rick Graziani
Cabrillo College
graziani@cabrillo.edu

Last Updated: Fall 2009
2
Highly Recommended
This presentation is based on the approach from Wendell Odoms book, BSCI
Exam Certification Guide (Cisco Press).
For anyone wishing to take this exam and/or get additional information, this
book is highly recommended.
3
Redistribution Concepts
Configuring Redistribution
Redistribution into EIGRP
Redistribution into OSPF
More on OSPF and External Routes
Redistributing External Type 2 Routes
Redistributing External Type 1 Routes
Redistribution Concepts
5
Route
Redistribution
Cisco routers support up to 30 dynamic routing processes.
RIPv2, RIPng, OSPFv2, OSPFv3, EIGRP, IS-IS, BGP and other
protocols simultaneously.
Most of these routing protocols allow an administrator to configure
multiple processes of the same routing algorithm
RIP is a notable exception.
Multiple OSPF processes
router ospf 10
router ospf 15
6
Multiple Routing Processes
RTA#show running-config

router ospf 24
network 10.2.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
!
router ospf 46
network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
!
router eigrp 53
network 172.16.0.0
network 172.17.0.0
!
router eigrp 141
network 10.0.0.0
network 192.168.3.0
Not usually recommended
Not usually recommended
7
Route redistribution - The process of exchanging routing information
between routing protocols.
For example, routes learned from a RIP process may need to be
imported into an EIGRP process.
Route
Redistribution
EIGRP Routes
8
Route
Redistribution
One-way route redistribution - one protocol receives the routes
from another)
Two-way route redistribution - both protocols receive routes from
each other.
Boundary routers:
Routers that perform redistribution
Border two or more ASs or routing domains.
Note: The term boundary router is also sometimes used to
describe a router running a classful routing protocol (like RIP)
that has interfaces in more than one classful network.
9
Why configure redistribution?
Company mergers and different IGPs are used
Company mergers and the same IGP is used
Entropy Weve always done it that way
Company has different divisions with the network under separate control
for business or political reasons
Company has connections between business partners
To allow multivendor interoperability (OSPF on non-Cisco, EIGRP on
Cisco, for instance)
Route
Redistribution
10
Configuring
Redistribution
The redistribution command
Available for all IP routing protocols,
Independent of any one protocol
Various complexities depending on the routing protocols and the options.
This can be a matrix of what ifs, but we will keep the complexity to a
minimum, concentrating on the basics.
EIGRP Routes
11
Route redistribution can be complicated and have several disadvantages as
shown in the following:
Routing loops Depending on how redistribution is used, routers can send routing
information received from one AS back into the AS.
Incompatible routing information
Each routing protocol uses different metrics.
Metrics cannot be translated exactly into a different protocol
Path selection may not be optimal.
Inconsistent convergence time
Different routing protocols converge at different rates.
Might result in temporary loss of networks.
Configuring
Redistribution
My best path to
192.100.10.0 is
this way.
My best path to
192.100.10.0 is
this way.
12
These potential trouble spots can be avoided with careful planning
and implementation.
Guidelines from Jeff Doyle when configuring route redistribution:
Be familiar with the network
Do not overlap routing protocols
Do not run two different protocols in the same internetwork.
Use one-way redistribution with multiple boundary routers
To avoid routing loops and convergence problems.
Consider using default routes in the domains that do not import
external routes.
Use two-way redistribution with a single boundary router
Reduces the chances of routing loops.
A combination of default routes, route filters, and distance
modifications can be used to combat routing loops.
Configuring Redistribution
13
Redistribution Concepts and Processes
Route redistribution requires at least one router to do the following:
1. At least one up/up physical link with each routing domain
2. A working configured routing protocol for each routing domain
3. Redistribution configured for each routing protocol,
(redistribute command),
Tells the routing protocol to take the routes learned by
another source of routing information and then advertise
those routes

Router(config-router)# redistribute protocol [process-id]
Note: Other parameters may be required and will be discussed.
Redistribution into EIGRP
15
Our Topology
R2-E-O is running:
EIGRP for 172.30.0.0 network
OSPF for 172.6.0.0 network
Not currently including 192.168.1.0 or 10.0.0.0 in either routing
protocol
EIGRP 1
OSPF 1
16
Redistribution
into EIGRP
The syntax differs slightly depending on the routing protocol into
which routes will be redistributed
redistribute protocol [process-id | as-number] [metric
bw delay reliability load mtu ] [match {internal |
nssa-external | external 1 | external 2}] [tag tag-
value] [route-map name]
17
Redistribution
into EIGRP
protocol - The source of routing information. Includes RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, IS-IS,
BGP, connected, and static.
process-id, as-number - If redistributing a routing protocol that uses a process-id or
ASN on the router global config command, use this parameter to refer to that process
or ASN value.
metric - A keyword after which follows the four metric components (bandwidth, delay,
reliability, link load), plus the MTU associated with the route.
match - If redistributing from OSPF, this keyword lets you match internal OSPF
routes, external (by type), and NSSA external routes, essentially filtering which routes
are redistributed.
tag - Assigns a unitless integer value to the route, which can be later matched by
other routers using a route-map.
route-map - Apply the logic in the referenced route-map to filter routes, set metrics,
and set route tags.
bw delay reliability load mtu ] [match {internal |
nssa-external | external 1 | external 2}] [tag tag-
value] [route-map name]
18
Redistribution
into EIGRP
Current configurations
R1-E
router eigrp 1
network 172.30.0.0
network 172.31.0.0
auto-summary
R2-E-O
router eigrp 1
network 172.30.0.0
auto-summary

router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
R3-O
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
R4-O
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
network 172.17.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
19
Redistribution
into EIGRP
R1-E# show ip route

C 172.31.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback31
172.30.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 3 masks
C 172.30.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
C 172.30.0.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0
D 172.30.0.0/16 is a summary, 00:02:41, Null0
R1-E#

What do you expect to see?
All EIGRP networks
20
Redistribution
into EIGRP
R2-E-O# show ip route

O 172.17.0.0/16 [110/846] via 172.16.0.1, 00:02:32, Serial0/1
O 172.16.0.4/30 [110/845] via 172.16.0.1, 00:02:32, Serial0/1
O 172.16.1.0/24 [110/782] via 172.16.0.1, 00:02:32, Serial0/1
O 172.16.2.0/24 [110/846] via 172.16.0.1, 00:02:32, Serial0/1
D 172.31.0.0/16 [90/20640000] via 172.30.0.1, 00:03:46, Serial0/0
D 172.30.2.0/24 [90/20514560] via 172.30.0.1, 01:22:36, Serial0/0
D 172.30.3.0/24 [90/20640000] via 172.30.0.1, 01:22:36, Serial0/0
D 172.30.1.0/24 [90/20514560] via 172.30.0.1, 01:22:36, Serial0/0
D 172.30.4.0/24 [90/20640000] via 172.30.0.1, 01:22:36, Serial0/0
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 10.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
R2-E-O#
All networks
21
Redistribution
into EIGRP
R3-O# show ip route

O 172.17.0.0/16 [110/65] via 172.16.0.6, 00:09:06, Serial0/2
O 172.16.2.0/24 [110/65] via 172.16.0.6, 00:09:06, Serial0/2
R3-O#
All OSPF networks
22
Redistribution
into EIGRP
R4-O# show ip route

O 172.16.0.0/30 [110/128] via 172.16.0.5, 00:09:52, Serial0/0
O 172.16.1.0/24 [110/65] via 172.16.0.5, 00:09:52, Serial0/0
R4-0#

All OSPF networks
23
Redistribution
into EIGRP
Do we expect R1s routing to change?
Yes, but no change!
Lets see what happened (or didnt happen)
R2-E-O(config)# router eigrp 1
R2-E-O(config-router)# redistribute ospf 1
R1-E# show ip route

R1-E#

24
Redistribution
into EIGRP

O 172.17.0.0/16 [110/846] via 172.16.0.1, 00:02:32, Serial0/1
O 172.16.0.4/30 [110/845] via 172.16.0.1, 00:02:32, Serial0/1
O 172.16.1.0/24 [110/782] via 172.16.0.1, 00:02:32, Serial0/1
O 172.16.2.0/24 [110/846] via 172.16.0.1, 00:02:32, Serial0/1
D 172.31.0.0/16 [90/20640000] via 172.30.0.1, 00:03:46, Serial0/0
D 172.30.2.0/24 [90/20514560] via 172.30.0.1, 01:22:36, Serial0/0
D 172.30.3.0/24 [90/20640000] via 172.30.0.1, 01:22:36, Serial0/0
D 172.30.1.0/24 [90/20514560] via 172.30.0.1, 01:22:36, Serial0/0
D 172.30.4.0/24 [90/20640000] via 172.30.0.1, 01:22:36, Serial0/0
R2-E-O#
Should R2s routing table change? No
25
Redistribution
into EIGRP
R2-E-O(config-router)# redistribute ospf 1
R2-E-O# show ip eigrp top
IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(1)/ID(192.168.1.1)
P 172.30.2.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 20514560
via 172.30.0.1 (20514560/28160), Serial0/0
via 172.30.0.1 (20640000/128256), Serial0/0
via Connected, Serial0/0
via 172.30.0.1 (20640000/128256), Serial0/0
via 172.30.0.1 (20514560/28160), Serial0/0
via 172.30.0.1 (20640000/128256), Serial0/0
For now notice that
there are no
OSPF networks in
R2s topology table.
They are still in the
routing table
because R2 also
runs OSPF, but this
is an EIGRP
command.
26
Redistribution
into EIGRP
When redistributing into EIGRP you must convert other routing protocols
metric (OSPFs cost, bandwidth) into EIGRPs metric.
Three methods:
Metric parameter with redistribute command
Sets the default for all redistribute commands
Default-metric command
Sets the default for all redistribute commands
Route-map
Sets different metrics for routes learned from a single source
bw delay reliability load mtu ]
default-metric bw delay reliability load mtu ]
27
Redistribution into
EIGRP
router eigrp 1
network 172.20.0.0
redistribute ospf 1
redistribute eigrp 2
redistribute rip metric 50000 500 255 1 1500
default-metric 10000 100 255 1 1500

default-metric command is used where the metric command is not
being applied in the redistribute command.
metric keyword takes precedence over the default-metric command
Note: This is the case for redistributing between any routing
protocols
EIGRP 1
EIGRP 2
OSPF 1
RIP
28
Redistribution
into EIGRP
Note:
MTU is NOT included because it is one of the EIGRP metrics
(never has been, never will be)
MTU is included because it is tracked through the path to find
the smallest MTU.
R2-E-O(config-router)# default-metric 1000 33 255 1 1500
bw delay reliability load mtu
29
Redistribution
into EIGRP
New Entries
IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(1)/ID(192.168.1.1)

via Redistributed (2568448/0)
All the redistributed routes
have the same feasible
distance (FD) calculation
(2568448), because all use
the same component
metrics per the configured
default-metric command
EIGRP topology table lists
the outgoing interface as
"via redistributed"

30
Redistribution
into EIGRP
R2-E-O# show ip eigrp top 172.16.0.0/30
IP-EIGRP (AS 1): Topology entry for 172.16.0.0/30
State is Passive, Query origin flag is 1, 1 Successor(s), FD is 2568448
Routing Descriptor Blocks:
0.0.0.0, from Redistributed, Send flag is 0x0
Composite metric is (2568448/0), Route is External
Vector metric:
Minimum bandwidth is 1000 Kbit
Total delay is 330 microseconds
Reliability is 255/255
Load is 1/255
Minimum MTU is 1500
Hop count is 0
External data:
Originating router is 192.168.1.1 (this system)
AS number of route is 1
External protocol is OSPF, external metric is 0
Administrator tag is 0 (0x00000000)
From default-metric command
"(this system)", meaning that the router
on which the command was issued (R2
in this case) redistributed the route.
31
Redistribution
into EIGRP
R2 redistributed into EIGRP the routes learned via OSPF and its own
directly connected network 172.16.0.0/30.
But not 192.168.1.0/24 and 10.0.0.0/8
This is because 172.16.0.0/30 is an OSPF enabled interface (network
statement)
Redistribute command, redistributes the following:
All routes in the routing table learned by that routing protocol
All connected routes of interfaces on which that routing protocol is
enabled
Otherwise must be redistributed another way (connected or static) comint

32
Redistribution
into EIGRP
R1-E# show ip route

D EX 172.17.0.0/16 [170/3080448] via 172.30.0.2, 00:01:50, Serial0/0
D EX 172.16.0.4/30 [170/3080448] via 172.30.0.2, 00:01:50, Serial0/0
D EX 172.16.0.0/30 [170/3080448] via 172.30.0.2, 00:01:50, Serial0/0
D EX 172.16.1.0/24 [170/3080448] via 172.30.0.2, 00:01:50, Serial0/0
D EX 172.16.2.0/24 [170/3080448] via 172.30.0.2, 00:01:50, Serial0/0
EX: External Route
170: Administrative distance (90 for EIGRP internal routes)
FD: Same for all external networks
33
Redistribution
into EIGRP
Two ways to redistribute 10.0.0.0/24 network.
Redistribute Connected
Add OSPF network command
Also propagates 10.0.0.0/24 throughout OSPF domain
R2-E-O(config)# router ospf 1
R2-E-O(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0


R2-E-O#show ip route
Added to topology table
No change to routing
table
34
Redistribution
into EIGRP
Redistributes 10.0.0.0/24 network with rest of OSPF networks
throughout EIGRP
Also propagates 10.0.0.0/24 throughout OSPF domain
R1-E# show ip route

D EX 10.0.0.0 [170/3080448] via 172.30.0.2, 00:01:33, Serial0/0

R4-0# show ip route

O 10.0.0.0 [110/129] via 172.16.0.5, 00:04:02, Serial0/0

35
Redistribution
into EIGRP
Redistributes 192.168.1.0/24 network as a connected network.
192.168.1.0/24 is NOT propagated throughout OSPF domain
R2-E-O(config-router)# redistribute connected

R2-E-O#show ip eigrp top

via Rconnected (28160/0)
via Rconnected (28160/0)
36
Redistribution
into EIGRP
Redistributes 192.168.1.0/24 network throughout EIGRP.
Same default-metric
R2-E-O(config-router)# default-metric 1000 33 255 1 1500
R1-E# show ip route
D EX 10.0.0.0 [170/2172416] via 172.30.0.2, 00:01:57, Serial0/0
D EX 192.168.1.0/24 [170/2172416] via 172.30.0.2, 00:01:57, Serial0/0
R1-E#
37
Redistribution
into EIGRP
EIGRP redistribute connected does not propagate
192.168.1.0/24 throughout OSPF.
R4-0#show ip route

O 172.16.0.0/30 [110/128] via 172.16.0.5, 00:02:35, Serial0/0
O 172.16.1.0/24 [110/65] via 172.16.0.5, 00:02:35, Serial0/0
O 10.0.0.0 [110/129] via 172.16.0.5, 00:02:35, Serial0/0
R4-0#

Redistribution into OSPF
39
Redistribution
into OSPF
Several similarities and differences to redistributing into EIGRP.
EIGRP flags routes redistributed into EIGRP as External
OSPF creates LSAs to represent each external route
{metric-value | transparent}] [metric-type type-
value] [match {internal | external 1 | external 2 |
nssa-external}] [tag tag-value] [route-map map-tag]
[subnets]
40
Redistribution
into OSPF
Metric - Defines the cost metric assigned to the route in the Type 5 (or Type 7 if
NSSA) LSA. metric transparent when taking from another OSPF process, pass
through the metric with the route.
metric-type {1 | 2} - Defines the external metric type of 1 (E1 routes) or 2 (E2
routes).
Match - If redistributing from OSPF, this keyword lets you match internal OSPF
routes, external (by type), and NSSA external routes, essentially filtering which routes
are redistributed.
Tag - Assigns a unitless integer value to the route, which can be later matched by
other routers using a route-map.
route-map - Apply the logic in the referenced route-map to filter routes, set metrics,
and set route tags.
Subnets - Redistribute subnets of classful networks. Without this parameter, only
routes for classful networks are redistributed. (This behavior is particular to the OSPF
redistribute command.)
{metric-value | transparent}] [metric-type type-value]
[match {internal | external 1 | external 2 | nssa-
external}] [tag tag-value] [route-map map-tag] [subnets]
41
Redistribution
into OSPF
Defaults when redistributing into OSPF:
When redistributing networks from BGP the default metric is 1
When redistributing networks from all other sources the default
metric is 20.
Creates a Type 5 LSA for each redistributed route (external) if not
inside an NSSA area; create a Type 7 LSA if inside an NSSA area.
External metric type 2 (metric does not change throughout OSPF
routing domain)
Only redistributes routes of classful (Class A, B, and C) networks,
and not for subnets
42
Redistribution
into OSPF
Where we left off
R2: Currently
router eigrp 1
redistribute connected
redistribute ospf 1
network 172.30.0.0
default-metric 1000 33 255 1 1500
auto-summary
!
router ospf 1
network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.3 area 0

43
Redistribution
into OSPF

O 172.17.0.0/16 [110/846] via 172.16.0.1, 00:03:56, Serial0/1
O 172.16.0.4/30 [110/845] via 172.16.0.1, 00:03:56, Serial0/1
O 172.16.1.0/24 [110/782] via 172.16.0.1, 00:03:56, Serial0/1
O 172.16.2.0/24 [110/846] via 172.16.0.1, 00:03:56, Serial0/1
D 172.31.0.0/16 [90/20640000] via 172.30.0.1, 00:18:29, Serial0/0
D 172.30.2.0/24 [90/20514560] via 172.30.0.1, 01:37:19, Serial0/0
D 172.30.3.0/24 [90/20640000] via 172.30.0.1, 01:37:19, Serial0/0
D 172.30.1.0/24 [90/20514560] via 172.30.0.1, 01:37:19, Serial0/0
D 172.30.4.0/24 [90/20640000] via 172.30.0.1, 01:37:19, Serial0/0
44
Redistribution
into OSPF
No External Type 5 LSAs
No EIGRP networks being redistributed into OSPF
R2-E-O# show ip ospf data

OSPF Router with ID (192.168.1.1) (Process ID 1)

Router Link States (Area 0)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count
172.16.1.1 172.16.1.1 85 0x80000005 0x006220 5
172.30.0.6 172.30.0.6 2000 0x80000006 0x006BB4 4
192.168.1.1 192.168.1.1 1117 0x80000003 0x009742 3
R2-E-O#
45
Redistribution
into OSPF
By default, only classful networks will be redistributed from EIGRP
into OSPF
R2-E-O(config-router)# redistribute eigrp 1
% Only classful networks will be redistributed
R2-E-O(config-router)#

<Router Link States omitted>
Type-5 AS External Link States

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Tag
172.31.0.0 192.168.1.1 9 0x80000001 0x0094D4 0
R2-E-O#
46
Redistribution
into OSPF

O 172.17.0.0/16 [110/846] via 172.16.0.1, 00:03:56, Serial0/1
O 172.16.0.4/30 [110/845] via 172.16.0.1, 00:03:56, Serial0/1
O 172.16.1.0/24 [110/782] via 172.16.0.1, 00:03:56, Serial0/1
O 172.16.2.0/24 [110/846] via 172.16.0.1, 00:03:56, Serial0/1
D 172.31.0.0/16 [90/20640000] via 172.30.0.1, 00:18:29, Serial0/0
D 172.30.2.0/24 [90/20514560] via 172.30.0.1, 01:37:19, Serial0/0
D 172.30.3.0/24 [90/20640000] via 172.30.0.1, 01:37:19, Serial0/0
D 172.30.1.0/24 [90/20514560] via 172.30.0.1, 01:37:19, Serial0/0
D 172.30.4.0/24 [90/20640000] via 172.30.0.1, 01:37:19, Serial0/0
47
Redistribution
into OSPF
Only the class B network 172.31.0.0/16 is redistributed into OSPF
R3-O#show ip route

O 172.17.0.0/16 [110/65] via 172.16.0.6, 00:01:16, Serial0/2
O 172.16.2.0/24 [110/65] via 172.16.0.6, 00:01:16, Serial0/2
O E2 172.31.0.0/16 [110/20] via 172.16.0.2, 00:01:16, Serial0/1
O 10.0.0.0 [110/65] via 172.16.0.2, 00:01:17, Serial0/1
R3-O#
48
Redistribution
into OSPF
External Type 5 LSA
R3-O# show ip ospf data
<Router Link States omitted>

172.31.0.0 192.168.1.1 88 0x80000001 0x0094D4 0
R3-O#

49
Redistribution
into OSPF
Subnets - Redistribute subnets of classful networks.
R2-E-O(config-router)# redistribute eigrp 1 subnets
No warning message Only classful networks will be redistributed
50
Redistribution
into OSPF
R2 now includes Type 5 LSAs for subnets

172.30.0.0 192.168.1.1 79 0x80000001 0x008EDE 0
172.30.1.0 192.168.1.1 79 0x80000001 0x0095D3 0
172.30.2.0 192.168.1.1 79 0x80000001 0x008ADD 0
172.30.3.0 192.168.1.1 79 0x80000001 0x007FE7 0
172.30.4.0 192.168.1.1 79 0x80000001 0x0074F1 0
172.31.0.0 192.168.1.1 220 0x80000001 0x0094D4 0
R2-E-O#
51
Redistribution
into OSPF
R4-0# show ip route
O 172.16.0.0/30 [110/128] via 172.16.0.5, 00:04:02, Serial0/0
O 172.16.1.0/24 [110/65] via 172.16.0.5, 00:04:02, Serial0/0
O E2 172.31.0.0/16 [110/20] via 172.16.0.5, 00:04:02, Serial0/0
O E2 172.30.2.0/24 [110/20] via 172.16.0.5, 00:01:46, Serial0/0
O E2 172.30.3.0/24 [110/20] via 172.16.0.5, 00:01:46, Serial0/0
O E2 172.30.0.0/30 [110/20] via 172.16.0.5, 00:01:46, Serial0/0
O E2 172.30.1.0/24 [110/20] via 172.16.0.5, 00:01:46, Serial0/0
O E2 172.30.4.0/24 [110/20] via 172.16.0.5, 00:01:46, Serial0/0
O 10.0.0.0 [110/129] via 172.16.0.5, 00:04:04, Serial0/0
52
Redistribution
into OSPF
R4 now includes Type 5 LSAs for subnets

R4-0# show ip ospf data

172.30.0.0 192.168.1.1 113 0x80000001 0x008EDE 0
172.30.1.0 192.168.1.1 113 0x80000001 0x0095D3 0
172.30.2.0 192.168.1.1 113 0x80000001 0x008ADD 0
172.30.3.0 192.168.1.1 113 0x80000001 0x007FE7 0
172.30.4.0 192.168.1.1 113 0x80000001 0x0074F1 0
172.31.0.0 192.168.1.1 254 0x80000001 0x0094D4 0
R4-0#
53
Redistribution
into OSPF
Lets redistribute the 192.168.1.0/24 network into OSPF as a
connected network.
R2-E-O(config)#router ospf 1
R2-E-O(config-router)#redistribute connected ?
metric Metric for redistributed routes
metric-type OSPF/IS-IS exterior metric type for redistributed routes
route-map Route map reference
subnets Consider subnets for redistribution into OSPF
tag Set tag for routes redistributed into OSPF
<cr>

R2-E-O(config-router)#redistribute connected
% Only classful networks will be redistributed
R2-E-O(config-router)#end
54
Redistribution
into OSPF
192.168.1.0/24 redistributed into OSPF.


172.30.1.0 192.168.1.1 326 0x80000001 0x0095D3 0
172.30.2.0 192.168.1.1 326 0x80000001 0x008ADD 0
172.30.3.0 192.168.1.1 326 0x80000001 0x007FE7 0
172.30.4.0 192.168.1.1 326 0x80000001 0x0074F1 0
172.31.0.0 192.168.1.1 468 0x80000001 0x0094D4 0
192.168.1.0 192.168.1.1 90 0x80000001 0x0012B8 0
R2-E-O#
55
Redistribution
into OSPF
R4-0# show ip route

O E2 192.168.1.0/24 [110/20] via 172.16.0.5, 00:03:08, Serial0/0

R4-0#show ip ospf data


<omitted>
192.168.1.0 192.168.1.1 193 0x80000001 0x0012B8 0
R4-0#
56
Redistribution
into OSPF
So far
R2 summary:
router eigrp 1
redistribute ospf 1
network 172.30.0.0
default-metric 1000 33 255 1 1500
auto-summary
!
router ospf 1
redistribute eigrp 1 subnets
network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
57
Redistribution
into OSPF E2
R3-O#show ip route

O 172.17.0.0/16 [110/65] via 172.16.0.6, 00:13:41, Serial0/2
O 172.16.2.0/24 [110/65] via 172.16.0.6, 00:13:41, Serial0/2
O E2 172.31.0.0/16 [110/20] via 172.16.0.2, 00:13:41, Serial0/1
O E2 172.30.2.0 [110/20] via 172.16.0.2, 00:11:25, Serial0/1
O E2 172.30.3.0 [110/20] via 172.16.0.2, 00:11:25, Serial0/1
O E2 172.30.1.0 [110/20] via 172.16.0.2, 00:11:25, Serial0/1
O E2 172.30.4.0 [110/20] via 172.16.0.2, 00:11:25, Serial0/1
O 10.0.0.0 [110/65] via 172.16.0.2, 00:13:43, Serial0/1
O E2 192.168.1.0/24 [110/20] via 172.16.0.2, 00:07:30, Serial0/1
External OSPF routes are E2 with a
default cost of 20.
metric-type 2 - The cost of a type 2
route is always the external cost,
irrespective of the interior cost to reach
that route.
58
Redistribution
into OSPF E2
R4-0#show ip route

O 172.16.0.0/30 [110/128] via 172.16.0.5, 00:14:05, Serial0/0
O 172.16.1.0/24 [110/65] via 172.16.0.5, 00:14:05, Serial0/0
O E2 172.31.0.0/16 [110/20] via 172.16.0.5, 00:14:05, Serial0/0
O E2 172.30.2.0 [110/20] via 172.16.0.5, 00:11:49, Serial0/0
O E2 172.30.3.0 [110/20] via 172.16.0.5, 00:11:49, Serial0/0
O E2 172.30.1.0 [110/20] via 172.16.0.5, 00:11:49, Serial0/0
O E2 172.30.4.0 [110/20] via 172.16.0.5, 00:11:49, Serial0/0
O 10.0.0.0 [110/129] via 172.16.0.5, 00:14:07, Serial0/0
O E2 192.168.1.0/24 [110/20] via 172.16.0.5, 00:07:54, Serial0/0
External OSPF routes are E2 with a
default cost of 20
59
Redistribution
into OSPF
192.168.1.0/24 still has a cost of 20. Why?
It was redistributed with the redistribute connected command without the
metric 100 parameter. <redistribute connected metric 100>
R2-E-O(config)#router ospf 1
R2-E-O(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 1 subnets metric 100
R2-E-O(config-router)#redistribute connected
R4-0#show ip route <external route>

O E2 172.31.0.0/16 [110/100] via 172.16.0.5, 00:00:04, Serial0/0
O E2 172.30.2.0 [110/100] via 172.16.0.5, 00:00:05, Serial0/0
O E2 172.30.3.0 [110/100] via 172.16.0.5, 00:00:05, Serial0/0
O E2 172.30.1.0 [110/100] via 172.16.0.5, 00:00:05, Serial0/0
O E2 172.30.4.0 [110/100] via 172.16.0.5, 00:00:05, Serial0/0
O E2 192.168.1.0/24 [110/20] via 172.16.0.5, 00:12:36, Serial0/0

60
Redistribution
into OSPF E1
metric-type {1 | 2} - Defines the external metric type of 1 (E1 routes) or 2 (E2
routes).
metric-type 1 - A type 1 cost is the addition of the external cost and the internal cost
used to reach that route.
metric-type 2 - The cost of a type 2 route is always the external cost, irrespective of
the interior cost to reach that route.
R2-E-O(config-router)# redistribute eigrp 1 subnets metric-type 1

R2-E-O# show run

router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
redistribute eigrp 1 metric 100 metric-type 1 subnets
network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.3 area 0

Notice that the previous metric 100
parameter is still included!
61
Redistribution
into OSPF
E1 routes, seed metric of 100 plus internal cost.
192.168.1.0/24 still has a cost of 20.
It was redistributed with the redistribute connected command without
the metric-type 2 parameter. <redistribute connected
metric 100 metric-type 2>
R3-O#show ip route
O E1 172.31.0.0/16 [110/164] via 172.16.0.2, 00:00:23, Serial0/1
O E1 172.30.2.0 [110/164] via 172.16.0.2, 00:00:24, Serial0/1
O E1 172.30.3.0 [110/164] via 172.16.0.2, 00:00:24, Serial0/1
O E1 172.30.1.0 [110/164] via 172.16.0.2, 00:00:24, Serial0/1
O E1 172.30.4.0 [110/164] via 172.16.0.2, 00:00:24, Serial0/1
O 10.0.0.0 [110/65] via 172.16.0.2, 00:21:45, Serial0/1
O E2 192.168.1.0/24 [110/20] via 172.16.0.2, 00:15:32, Serial0/1
More on OSPF and External
Routes
63
Redistribution
into OSPF
New Topology
EIGRP OSPF
Area 0
Area 1
64
Redistribution
into OSPF
Default if no metric configuration exists
Cost 1 for routes learned from BGP
Cost 20 for all other route sources
default-metric cost OSPF subcommand
Setting the default for all redistribute commands
metric cost parameters on the redistribute command
Setting the metric for one route source
Metric transparent parameters on the redistribute command
When taking routes from another OSPF process, using the metrics used by that
route source
Use the route-map parameter on the redistribute command
Setting different metrics for routes learned from a single source
65
Redistribution
into OSPF
Router that performs redistribution becomes ASBR (Autonomous
System Border Router).
Injects external routes into OSPF creating a Type 5 LSA for each
network/subnet .
Type 5 LSA includes:
LSID: the subnet number
Mask: The subnet mask
Advertising router: The RID of the ASBR injecting the route
Metric: The metric as set by the ASBR
External Metric Type: The external metric type, either 1 or 2
66
Redistribution
into OSPF
ASBR floods Type 5 LSAs throughout area.
If ABR is:
Normal (non-stubby) areas:
Flood Type 5 LSAs into area
Stub and Totally Stubby areas:
No Type 5 LSAs flooded
Default route injected by ABR
LSA 5
Redistributing External Type 2
Routes
68
Redistribution
into OSPF
E2 routes metric is simply the metric in the Type 5 LSA.
Default = 20
metric parameter
R4 has two routes to 172.30.26.0/23:
Via R1
Via R8
To avoid loops, OSPF routers use two tiebreaker systems to allow a router
to choose a best external route.
Router in question resides in the same area as the ASBR (intra-area)
Router in question resides in a different area (interarea) than the ASBR
LSA 5
172.30.26.0/23
Metric = 20
Metric
= 20
69
Determining
the Next-hop
for Type 2
External
Routes
- Intra-area
Router has multiple routes for same E2 destination network:
Selects the best route based on the lowest cost to reach any ASBR(s)
that advertised the lowest E2 metric.
R4: Both routes use metric 20 in this case, so the routes tie.
Tiebreaker:
1. Find the advertising ASBR(s) as listed in the Type 5 LSA(s)
2. Using the intra-area LSDB topology calculate the best route to reach
the ASBR(s). (This is the route that will be entered into the routing
table.)
3. This determines the outgoing interface and next hop based address to
to reach the ASBR
4. The route's metric is unchanged in the routing table as listed in
theType 5 LSA
LSA 5
172.30.26.0/23
Metric
= 20
Metric = 20
70
Determining
the Next-hop
for Type 2
External
Routes
- Intra-area
1. R4 looks in the Type 5 LSA, and sees RID 1.1.1.1 (R1) is the
advertising ASBR.
2. R4 then looks at its area 0 LSDB entries, including the Type 1 LSA
for RID 1.1.1.1, and calculates all possible area 0 routes to reach
1.1.1.1.
3. R4's best route to reach RID 1.1.1.1 happens to be through its
S0/0/0 interface, to next-hop RD1 (172.16.14.1), so R4's route to
172.16.26.0/23 uses these details.
4. The route lists metric 20, as listed in the Type 5 LSA.
LSA 5
172.30.26.0/23
Metric
= 20
Metric = 20
Best path
71
Determining
the Next-hop
for Type 2
External
Routes
- Interarea
When router is in a different area same issues remain.
Different tiebreaker to reach ASBR.
Calculation requires more information that previous Intra-area
example.
To calculate their best route to reach the ASBR, a router in another
area:
Adds the cost to reach an ABR between the areas
Plus that ABR's cost to reach the ASBR

LSA 5
172.30.26.0/23
Metric
= 20
Metric = 20
Best path
72
Determining
the Next-hop
for Type 2
External
Routes
- Interarea
R5 has two possible routes to reach ASBR:
Via R3
Via R4
Although the metric is 20, R5 will use the cost to the ABR PLUS the ABRs
cost to the ASBR to determine the best path.
Via R3: 64 + 1 = 65
Via R4: 64 + 64 = 128
R5 chooses the route via R3 because it is a better path (65).
The routers process for doing this is:
1. Calculate the cost to reach the ABR, based on the area's topology
database
2. Add the cost from the ABR to the ASBR, as listed in a Type 4 LSA
Lets talk about that Type 4 LSA!
172.30.26.0/23
Best path 1
64
64
64
Best path
73
Determining
the Next-hop
for Type 2
External
Routes
- Interarea
Type 4 Summary ASBR LSA:
RID of the ASBR
RID of the ABR that created and flooded the LSA 4
ABR's cost to reach the ASBR
ABRs create Type 4 LSAs after receiving an external Type 5 LSA from an
ASBR.
ABR forwards a Type 5 LSA into an area
ABR looks at the RID of the ASBR that created the Type 5 LSA..
ABR creates a Type 4 LSA listing that ASBR, and the cost to reach
that ASBR, flooding that LSA into the neighboring areas.
LSA 4
172.30.26.0/23
LSA 4: I am ABR
R4, I can reach
ASBR R1 and my
cost to the ASBR
is 64.
LSA 4: I am ABR
R3, I can reach
ASBR R1 and my
cost to the ASBR
is 1.
74
Determining
the Next-hop
for Type 2
External
Routes
- Interarea
ABR R3 creates and floods Type 4 Summary ASBR LSA into area 1.
ASBR 1.1.1.1 (R1), ABR 3.3.3.3 (R3), and cost 1 (R3's cost to reach
ASBR).
ABR R4 creates and floods Type 4 Summary ASBR LSA into area 1.
ASBR 1.1.1.1 (R1), ABR 4.4.4.4 (R4), and lists cost 64 (R4's cost to
reach ASBR).
When R5 finds two routes for subnet 172.30.26.0/23, and finds both have a
metric of 20
Break the tie.
For each route: Add intra-area cost to reach the ABR PLUS the ABR's
cost to reach the ASBR (as listed in the Type 4 LSA).
R5 determines best route is through R3 has the lower cost (65).
LSA 4
172.30.26.0/23
LSA 4: I am ABR
R4, I can reach
ASBR R1 and my
cost to the ASBR
is 64.
LSA 4: I am ABR
R3, I can reach
ASBR R1 and my
cost to the ASBR
is 1.
Best path
75
Determining
the Next-hop
for Type 2
External
Routes
- Interarea
172.30.26.0/23
LSA 4: I am ABR
R4, I can reach
ASBR R1 and my
cost to the ASBR
is 64.
LSA 4: I am ABR
R3, I can reach
ASBR R1 and my
cost to the ASBR
is 1.
Best path
R5# show ip route

O E2 172.30.26.0/23 [110/20] via 172.16.35.3, 05:48:42, Serial0/0
Redistributing External Type 1
Routes
77
Redistribution
into OSPF
E2 routes ignore the internal OSPF cost (except when breaking ties
for best route).
E1 routes allow the engineer to influence the choice of routes based
on the combination of the external and internal OSPF cost.
R1(config)# router ospf 1
R1(config-router)# redistribute eigrp 1 subnets metric-type 1
78
Redistribution
into OSPF
Note that for routers in different a different area than the ASBR, the
calculation of metric follows the same general logic used when
breaking ties for E2 routes.
R1(config)# router ospf 1
R1(config-router)# redistribute eigrp 1 subnets metric-type 1
Best path
79
Comparing E1
and E2
The benefits of the different external route types apply mostly to
when multiple ASBRs advertise the same subnet.
Two ASBRs, ASBR1 and ASBR2, between OSPF and another
routing domain.
Goal is to always send traffic through ASBR1.
Configuration:
Use E2 routes
Set the metric for ASBR1's redistributed routes to a lower metric
than ASBR2.
Routers ignore the internal metrics when calculating the E2 metrics,
so every router will choose ASBR1 as the better ASBR.
OSPF
EIGRP
ASBR1
ASBR2
E2 metric=10
E2 metric=20
80
Comparing E1
and E2
Goal is to:
Balance the traffic
Make each router pick the closest ASBR
Configuration:
Use E1 routes
Routers closer to each ASBR choosing best routes based on the
lower OSPF costs.

OSPF
EIGRP
ASBR1
ASBR2
E1
E1
81
Comparing
E1 and E2
Note: OSPF routers will always prefers E1 routes over E2 routes for
the same networks.
OSPF
EIGRP
ASBR1
ASBR2
E1
E2
CIS 185 Advanced Routing
Rick Graziani
Cabrillo College
graziani@cabrillo.edu

Last Updated: Fall 2009

IGP Redistribution Part1

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