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ENGR-1100 Introduction to
Engineering Analysis

Lecture 20
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Previous Lectures Outline

2D trusses analysisa) method of joints.
b) method of sections.

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Todays Lecture Outline

Frames

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Two Important Structures Types

Trusses: Structures composed
entirely of two force
members.
Frames: Structures containing at least one
member acted on by forces at three or more
points.

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Trusses Assumptions
1) Truss members are connected together at
their ends only.
2) Truss members are connected together by
frictionless pins.
3) The truss structure is loaded only at the
joints.
4) The weight of the member may be
neglected.
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Frames vs. Machines

Frames
- Rigid structure
- Overall equilibrium is sufficient to determine
support reaction.

Machines
- Not a rigid structure
- Overall equilibrium is not sufficient to
determine support reaction.
additional support reaction is needed for
equilibrium

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Beware
Members of a frame are not necessarily a
two force member.
The direction of the force applied by the
members on the pins are not necessarily
known.
F

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Method of solving frames

Draw a free body diagram for each component
Not all members can be treated as two-force
members.
Write the equilibrium equations for each free
body diagram.
Solve the equilibrium equations of the system
of rigid bodies.
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Example 7-85
A two-bar frame is loaded and supported as shown in Fig.
F7-85. Determine the reactions at supports A and E and the
force exerted on member ABC by the pin at C.

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Solution
From a free-body diagram on the
complete frame:
d = 6/tan(70) + 6/tan(70) = 5.648 ft

MA = Ey (5.648) -500(2)- 400 (4)-300 (6) = 0

Ey = 779.0 lb 779 lb

Fy = Ay + 779.0 = 0
Ay =- 779.0 lb=779 lb

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y
x

From a free-body diagram on member CDE:

MC = 400 (2) + 779.0 (3.464) + Ex (6) = 0
Ex = -583.1 lb 583 lb

From a free-body diagram on member ABC:

MC = 500 (4) + Ax (6) + 779.0 (2.184) = 0
Ax = -616.9 lb 617 lb
Fx = Cx + 500 - 616.9 = 0

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Cx = 116.9 lb = 116.9 lb

y
x

Fy = Cy - 779.0 = 0
Cy = 779.0 lb = 779 lb

C=

Cx Cy
2

116.9 799 = 787.7 lb 788 lb

2

c = tan -1 779.0 = 81.46

116.9

A=

Ax Ay =
2

C 788 lb

81.5

616.9 799.0 = 993.7 lb 994 lb

2

A = tan -1 779.0 = -128.38

616.9
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A 994 lb

51.6

E=

Ex Ey
2

583.1 799.0 = 973.1 lb 973 lb

2

E= tan -1 779.0 = 126.82 E 973 lb

583.1

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53.2

Class Assignment: Exercise set P7-83

please submit to TA at the end of the lecture
Determine all forces acting on member BCD of the linkage
shown in Fig. P7-83.

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Member AC is a two-force member;

Therefore, the line of action of force C is
known as shown on the free-body diagram
for member BCD:
MB = C cos 45 (2.0) - 40 cos 30 (3.5) = 0
C = 85.73 lb 85.7 lb
C 85.73 lb 45
Fx = Bx + 40 cos 30 - 85.73 cos 45 = 0
Bx = 25.98 lb 26.0 lb
Fy = By - 85.73 sin 45 + 40 sin 30 = 0
By = 40.62 lb 40.6 lb

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B = ( Bx)2 + ( Bx)2 = ( 25.98)2 + ( 40.62)2 = 48.22 lb

B = tan

-1

By
Bx

= tan

B 48.2 lb

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-1

40.62
= 57.4
25.98

57.4

Example 7-90
Determine all forces acting on member ABE of the
frame shown in Fig. P7-90.

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Solution
From a free-body diagram on the complete frame:
MA = D (300) - 150 (300) = 0
D = 150.0 N = 150.0 N
Fx = Ax + 150.0 = 0
Ax =- 150.0 N = 150.0 N
Fy = Ay + 150.0 = 0
Ay =- 150.0 N = 150.0 N

x
A = Ax Ay
2

= 150.0 150.0 = 212.1 N 212 N

-1 150.0 = 135.0

=
tan
A
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150.0

A = 212 N

45

From a free-body diagram on member CEF:

MC = Ex (100) - 150 (200) = 0
Ex = 300 N = 300 N (on ABE)

Ex

Cx

150N

Ey

Cy

From a free-body diagram on member ABE:

MB = Ey (100) - 300 (100) - 150(100) = 0

Ey = 450 N = 450 N
E=

Ex Ey
2

450
E = tan
= 56.31
300
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-1

2
2
300 450 = 540.8 N

E = 541 N

56.3

Fx = Bx + 300 - 150 = 0
Bx =- 150.0 N = 150.0 N
Fy = By + 450 - 150 = 0
By =- 300 N = 300 N

B=

Bx B y

B = tan -1

150 300 = 335.4 N

2

300
= -116.56 B 335 N
150

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63.4

Class Assignment: Exercise set P7-91

please submit to TA at the end of the lecture
Determine all forces acting on member ABCD of the Frame
shown in Fig. P7-91.

Solution:
A=167.7 lb

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63.4o

B=424 lb

45o

C=335 lb

26.6o

Class Assignment: Exercise set P7-87

please submit to TA at the end of the lecture
A pin-connected system of leaves and bars is used as a toggle
for a press as shown in Fig. P7-87. Determine the force F
exerted on the can at A when a force P = 100 lb is applied to
the lever at G.

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Solution
From a free-body diagram
for the lever:
MF = 100 (30) - FDE (8) = 0
FDE = 375 lb
From a free-body diagram
for pin D:
+ Fx = -FBD cos 67 - FCD cos 78 - 375=0
Fy = -FBD sin 67 + FCD sin 78 = 0
FBD = -639.5 lb

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FCD = -601.8 lb

From a free-body diagram

for the piston at B:

Fy = Ay - 639.5 sin 67 =0
Ay = 588.7 lb = 588.7 lb
Force on the can:

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F 589 lb

Class Assignment: Exercise set P7-89

please submit to TA at the end of the lecture
A pin-connected system of bars supports a 300 lb
load as shown in Fig. P7-87. Determine the
reactions at supports A and B and the force exerted
by the pin at C on member ACE.
By = 150.0 lb = 150.0 lb
Bx = -450 lb = 450 lb

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Ax = 450 lb = 450 lb
Ay = 150.0 lb = 150.0 lb
Cy = 0 Cx = - 600 lb

Solution
From a free-body diagram
For the complete system:
+ MA = - Bx (20) - 300 (30) = 0
Bx = -450 lb = 450 lb

+ Fx = Ax + Bx = Ax - 450 = 0
Ax = 450 lb = 450 lb
From a free-body diagram
for pin F:
+ Fy = TEF -300 sin 45 = 0

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TEF =212.1 lb 212 lb (T)

From a free-body diagram

for bar ACE:

+ MC = -Ay (10) + 450 (10)

- 212.1 (10/cos 45) = 0
Ay = 150.0 lb = 150.0 lb
+ Fy = Ay + Cy - 212.1 sin 45
= 150.0 + Cy - 212.1sin 45 = 0

Cy = 0

+ Fx = Cx+ 450+212.1 cos 45=0

Cx = - 600 lb

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From a free-body diagram for the complete system:

+ Fy = By + Ay - 300
= By + 150.0 - 300 = 0
By = 150.0 lb = 150.0 lb

A=

A A =
2

A =

tan-1

450.0 150.0 = 474.3 lb 474 lb

150.0
= 18.434
450.0

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A 474 lb 18.43

Example 7-101
Forces of 50 lb are applied to the handles of the bolt cutter
of Fig. P7-101. Determine the force exerted by on the
bolt at E and all forces acting on the handle ABC.

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Solution
From a free-body diagram
for member CDE:
+ Fx = Cx = 0

Cx = 0
+ MD = Cy (3) - E(2) = 0

Cy = 2 E
3

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From a free-body diagram

For handle ABC:

+ MB = Cy (1) - 50 (20) = 0
Cy =1000 lb = 1000 lb
C = 1000 lb

Fx = Bx = 0
Bx = 0

Fy = By + 50 + 1000 = 0
B = 1000 lb
By = -1050 lb
E = 1.5Cy = 1.5 (1000) = 1500 lb

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Force on the bolt:

E = 1500 lb

Class Assignment: Exercise set P7-110

please submit to TA at the end of the lecture
A cylinder with a mass of 150 kg is supported by a
two-bar frame as shown in Fig. P7-110. Determine
all forces acting on member ACE.

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Solution
From a free-body diagram for
the cylinder:
W = mg = 150 (9.807) = 1471.1 N
+ Fx = D sin 45 - E sin 45 = 0
+ Fy = 2D cos 45 - 1471.1 = 0

D = E = 1040.2 lb
E
1040 lb 45.0 (on member ACE)
From a free-body diagram
for the complete frame:
MB = A (2) - 1471.1 (1) = 0
A =735.6 N = 735.6 N

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A 736 N

From a free-body diagram for ACE:

MC = T (1) - 735.6 (1) - 1040.2 (0.8) = 0
T = 1567.8 N 1568 N
T 1568 N

Fx = Cx + T + 1040.2 cos 45
= Cx + 1567.8 + 1040.5 cos 45 = 0
Cx = -2303 2300 N

Fy = Cy + 735.6 - 1040.2 sins 45 = 0

Cy = 0
C 2300 N

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