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COMPACTION EQUIPMENTS
UMESH GOVIL
SAKSHI TAYAL
SHIVENDER PANDEY
MANU KAPOOR
COMPACTION EQUIPMENTS
COMPACTION EQUIPMENTS
The function of compaction equipment is to produce higher
density in soil mechanically. The basic forces used in
compaction are static weight, kneading, impact and
vibration. The degree of compaction that may be achieved
depends on the properties of soil, its moisture content, the
thickness of the soil layer for compaction and the method
of compaction.
Objectives for Compaction
Increasing the bearing capacity of foundations;
Decreasing the undesirable settlement of structures;
Control undesirable volume changes;
Reduction in hydraulic conductivity;
Increasing the stability of slopes.
Types of Compactor
-Vibratory compactors
-Sheepsfoot Roller.
-Grid or Mesh.
-Steel Drum.
-Pneumatic Tried
Roller
Dynamic Compactors
Vibratory compactors
Vibration creates impact forces thus result in greater
impact forces
Rammers
Rammers deliver a high impact force ( high
amplitude) making them an excellent choice
for cohesive and semi-cohesive soils.
Frequency range is 500 to 750 blows per
minute.
The rammer is inclined at a forward angle to
allow forward travel as the machine jumps.
Rammers cover three types of compaction:
impact, vibration and kneading.
Rammers get compaction force from a small
gasoline or diesel engine powering a large
piston set with two sets of springs
Sheepsfoot Roller
These rollers are usually found as
towed drum models and is suitable
for compacting all fine grained
materials but is generally not
suitable for use on noncohesive
granular materials.
They are steel wheels equipped
with cylindrical pads (or feet)
normally less than 10 in in length.
The pads on sheepsfoot drum
penetrate through the top lift and
actually compact the below lift.
When the drum rotates the pads
out of the soil they kick up or fluff
the material because of their
shape. The working speed is 4 to
6 mph and usually
Tamping rollers.
Tamping foot compactors are
high-speed, self-propelled,
non-vibratory rollers.
These rollers usually have 4
steel padded wheels and can
be equipped with a small blade
to help level of lift. The pads
are tapered with an oval or
rectangular face. The pad face
is smaller than the base of the
pad at the drum.
As the tamping roller moves
over the surface, the feet
penetrate the soil to produce a
kneading action and a
pressure to mix and compact
the soil from bottom to the top
of the layer.
VARIOUS COMPACTORS
COMPACTOR
TYPE
PRINCIPAL METHODS OF
COMPACTION
IMPACT
PRESSURE
VIBRATION
SHEEPSFOOT
TAMPING
FOOT
VIBRATION
SMOOTH
VIBRATION
PADFOOT
PNEUMATIC
KNEADING
IMPACT
PRESSURE
VIBRATION
KNEADING
GRAVEL
POOR
NO
GOOD
V.GOOD
SAND
POOR
NO
EXCELLENT
GOOD
SILT
GOOD
GOOD
POOR
EXCELLEN
T
NO
GOOD
CLAY
EXCELLENT
V.GOOD
WITH
CONFINEMEN
PROCESS OF SOIL COMPACTION
T
SOIL
IDENTIFICATION
METHOD
IDENTIFICATION
EQUIPEMENT
SUITABILITY
SOIL
PREPARATION/LEVELLING
Small pneumatics are not suited for big lift embankment comapction
projects.They are used on small- medium size compaction jobs,primarily
on granular bladed base material.
Large-tired rollers are available in sizes varying from 15 to 200 tons
gross weight.
They utilise one to two earth-moving tires on a single axle. The air
pressure in each tire may vary from 80-150 psi (pounds per square inch)
Because of their size and high pressure , they can compact all soil
types to greater depths.
The expense is in propelling these large rollers over the lifts as they
require tractors with large draw-bar pull action.
APPLICATION:
ROADWAY SUBGRADES
AIR-FILLED BASES
EARTH FILLED DAMS
1. WHEEL LOAD
2. TIRE SIZE
3. TIRE PLY.
4. INFLATION PRESSURE
VIBROCOMPACTION METHODS
1.Vibrating pile method
2.Compaction pile method
Vibrator compaction is accomplished by the use of a vibratory piledriving apparatus,together with an open-end tubular pile.
Using a square spacing pattern , the pile is driven into and extracted
from the soil.
The spacing is usually determined based on project-specific test panel
construction.
When the driving and extracting phases are accomplished ,densification
of soil occurs both inside and outside the pile
The best pile configuration used has been an open-end 30-in. pipe of
3/8-in. wall thickness with 4-6 inch wide and -in. thick steel bands
spaced 5-10 ft. apart on the outside of the pipe, together with wider
driving and clamping bands at the bottom and top of the pile.
A crane is used to handle this entire arrangement.
VIBROCOMPACTION METHODS