CAST IN -SITU PORTAL

FRAME

Introduction
Portal frames are single storey, single( or
multi-bay) frames with pitched or flat roof.
Fabricated from universal beams, it is an ideal
structural solution in many circumstances,
regarding its economic and structural
efficiency.
The system is specially ideal for industrial
buildings due to its ability to span large areas
of unobstructed open space within its building
envelope. This is made possible through the
design and use of refabricated steel sections.

Introduction
Portal frames are designed to carry
lightweight roof coverings.
They often constructed of steel, aluminium,
concrete, timber or composite material.
Three basic forms of portal frames are Rigid
portal frame; Two-pin portal frames and
Three-pin portal frames.
The concrete cast in situ implies an important
monolithic that can not be reach with precast
elements because of technical point of view
but also the cost and the life cycle.

Characteristics
A portal usually consists on two piers on each side
with cross beam in between to support the deck. The
width of deck can be up to 20m (6 traffic lanes).
The erection of a complicated falsework system to
support the portal construction is usually involved.
In some situations the height of a portal frame can be
up to 50m from ground. Climb form can be used in
this high-headroom cases.

Systems for portal frames :

Systems for portal frames are made of beams and columns of

different shapes and sizes, that are interconnected to form the
building frame.
A portal frame is composed of at least two columns embedded in
the foundation and for support to the roof beams.
The frame of a building is composed of several gates placed at
equal distance and bearing wall coverings and roofing.

Types of Portal Frame

1.

Fixed or Rigid Portal Frame

2.

Two Pin Portal Frame

3.

Three Pin Portal Frame

- All connections are rigid giving bending moments of lower

magnitude more evenly distributed than other forms. Generally
used in smaller portals where moments transferred to
foundations are not excessive.

- Frame hinges are used at base connections to eliminate

tendency of base rotating. The bending moment resisted by the
members is greater than in a rigid frame.
- Hinged joints at base and at centre. Effect of 3rd hinge to reduce
bending moment in the spanning members but to increase
deflection.

Benefits of Portal Frame

Can economically enclose a large area.
Floor areas unrestricted by long runs of
walls, more flexible in use.
Good floor to ceiling heights.
Frame quicker to build than walls saving
time and money.

Cast In-situ Portal Frame

Construction of a section of elevated railway track in the

KCR Ma On Shan Line using in-situ method

Cast In-situ Portal Frame

Advantages of Portal Frames

For economy in section as a structural material or for reason of

appearance, and when it is cast-in-situ it will act monolithically as
a rigid structure.
The members of a reinforced concrete frame can be mould to any
required shape so that they can be designed to use concrete
where compressive strength is required and steel reinforcement
where tensile strength is required.
Reduced project time and improved cash flow. With cast-in-place
concrete, materials are readily available so project planners can
count on just-in-time delivery from local suppliers.

Disadvantages of Portal Frames

Frames are no produced under factory
so cannot controlled conditions resulting
in a different product of both quality and
accuracy.
Need a lot of labor in the site.