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  • Introduction of PHP

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    Vaiwala
    25 vizualizări15 pagini
    Basic of Php

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    Introduction of php

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    Basic of Php

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    25 vizualizări15 pagini

    Introduction of PHP

    Încărcat de

    Vaiwala
    Basic of Php

    Drepturi de autor:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Descărcați ca PPT, PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    din 15

    Features of PHP

    1.
    2.
    3.

    PHP stands for Hypertext Preprocessor. It is a


    widely-used Open Source general-purpose scripting
    language that is especially suited for Web
    development and can be embedded into HTML.
    It is an interpreted language.
    There are three main fields where PHP scripts are
    used.
    Server side scripting
    Command line scripting.
    Writing client-side GUI applications.For this PHP-GTK
    is used.
    PHP-GTK is an extension for the PHP programming
    language that implements language bindings for
    GTK+. It provides an object-oriented interface to GTK+
    classes and functions and greatly simplifies writing
    client-side cross-platform GUI applications.

    PHP can be used on all major operating


    systems, including Linux, many Unix
    variants, Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X
    etc.
    PHP has also support for most of the web
    servers today. This includes Apache,
    Microsoft Internet Information Server,
    Personal Web Server, Netscape and
    iPlanet servers, Oreilly Website Pro server
    and many others.

    You also have the choice of using procedural


    programming or object oriented programming, or
    a mixture of them.
    PHP does more than just generating dynamic
    web-pages.
    PHP's abilities includes:

    Generating images dynamically


    PDF files
    Flash movies
    Compression
    Download and upload
    XML support

    PHP also has support for talking to other services using


    protocols such as LDAP, IMAP, SNMP, NNTP, POP3,
    HTTP, COM (on Windows) and countless others.
    You can also open raw network sockets and interact
    using any other protocol.
    PHP has support for the WDDX complex data exchange
    between virtually all Web programming languages.
    (Support for web services)
    PHP has support for instantiation of Java objects and
    using them transparently as PHP objects. You can also
    use CORBA extension to access remote objects.
    e.g. You can use java classes in php.

    A sample PHP script


    <html>
    <head>
    <title>PHP Test</title>
    </head>
    <body>

    <?php
    echo "<p>Hello World</p>";
    echo phpinfo();
    ?>
    </body>
    </html>
    A call to the phpinfo() function returns a lot of useful information
    about your system and setup such as available predefined variables,
    loaded PHP modules, and configuration settings.

    php syntaxes are similar to C.


    php is whitespace insensitive.
    e.g. $four =
    2
    +
    2;
    php is sometimes case insensitive.
    i.e. All variables are case sensitive.

    Basics of variable
    Variables in PHP are represented by a
    dollar sign followed by the name of the
    variable. The variable name is casesensitive.
    PHP is also context-sensitive like perl.
    A valid variable name starts with a letter or
    underscore, followed by any number of
    letters, numbers, or underscores.

    PHP provides 8 primitive data-types.


    Four scalar types:
    boolean
    integer
    float
    string
    Two compound types
    array
    object
    Two special types:
    resource
    NULL

    PHP,types are associated with values rather than


    variables. No previous declaration is needed. You can
    assign value to variable as and when you need it.
    e.g. $int_var=15;
    $str=string1;

    If you want to check out the type and value of a certain


    variable, use var_dump().
    It dumps information about variable.
    <?php
    $b = 3.1;
    $c = true;
    var_dump($b, $c);
    ?>
    o/p :
    float(3.1)
    bool(true)
    If you want to get type of a variable, then use gettype().
    echo gettype($bool); // prints out "boolean
    echo gettype($str); // prints out "string

    To check type of veriables in condition, separate


    functions are there for each type.
    basic syntax is is_type(variable)
    some of it are
    is_integer
    is_float
    is_numeric
    is_string
    is_scalar
    is_object
    is_array
    It returns true if variable will be of that specific type.
    Otherwise it returns false.
    If you would like to force a variable to be converted to a
    certain type, you may either cast the variable or use the
    settype() function on it. It returns true on success and
    false on failure.
    settype($var, "integer");

    In php, default error reporting setting


    allows you to use unassigned variables
    without errors.
    To change this setting you should set error
    reporting level to E_ALL in your php.ini
    file.
    error_reporting(E_ALL);
    To check if variable is assigned a value or
    not, use isset($var) .
    PHP variables are global in scope. You
    can use it throughout your program.

    To define boolean variable,


    $flag=True;
    To define string variable,
    $str=string variable;
    String can be enclosed in double quotes, single quotes or
    you can also use heredoc operator.
    $str = <<<EOF
    Example of string
    spanning multiple lines
    using heredoc syntax.
    EOF;
    To define constant,
    define("MAXSIZE", 100);

    Operators
    Arithmetic : +,-,/,%,*
    String . , .=
    Assignment operators for all above operators. +=, -= etc , ++ , - Comparision
    == , != , <> , > , >= , < , <= , ===
    === returns true if its two operands are having the same value, and
    they are of the same type.
    e.g.
    $a=15;
    $b=15;
    if( $a === $b)
    {
    print Identical variables;
    }

    PHP supports one execution operator:


    backquotes (``).
    PHP will attempt to execute the contents of
    the backquotes as a system command;
    the output will be returned in a variable.
    <?php
    $output = `ls`;
    echo "<pre>$output</pre>";
    ?>

    Control Structures
    if,else,elseif
    while,for , do..while , for , foreach , break , continue , switch
    $i=1;
    switch ($i) {
    case 0:
    print "i equals 0";
    break;
    case 1:
    print "i equals 1";
    break;
    case 2:
    print "i equals 2";
    break;
    default :
    print "i equals -1";
    }
    comments .
    # , // , /* */

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