Wide Area Network

(WAN)

Slide ke-1 MK VPN-MPLS

Setio Basuki

Introduction to TCP/IP
The U.S. DoD created the TCP/IP reference model because
it wanted a network that could survive any conditions.
TCP/IP model has become the Internet standard.

Application Layer
Handles high-level protocols, issues of representation,
encoding, and dialog control.

Transport Layer
Five basic services:
Segmenting upper-layer application data
Establishing end-to-end operations
Sending segments from one end host to another end host
Ensuring data reliability
Providing flow control

Internet Layer
Best path determination and packet switching

IP as a Routed Protocol
IP is a connectionless,
unreliable, best-effort
delivery protocol.
As information flows
down the layers of the
OSI model; the data is
processed at each layer.
IP accepts whatever
data is passed down to it
from the upper layers.

Packet Propagation and Switching

Within a Router

Network Access Layer

The network access layer is concerned with all of the

issues that an IP packet requires to actually make a
physical link to the network media.
It includes the LAN and WAN technology details, and all
the details contained in the OSI physical and data link
layers.

OSI dan TCP/IP Review

Lengkapi tabel di bawah ini
No

Layer

Protocols

PDU

Format
PDU

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Segment

Network

Data Link

Frame Relay,
FDDI,

Physical

Bit

OSI dan TCP/IP Review

Antara OSI dan TCP/IP, bandingkanlah
diantara keduanya.
Aspek layer
Ekivalensi layer OSI ke TCP/IP
Realitas penggunaan

IP Address
An IP address is a 32-bit sequence of 1s and 0s.
To make the IP address easier to use, the address is
usually written as four decimal numbers separated by
periods.
This way of writing the address is called the dotted decimal
format.

Every IP address has two parts:

1. Network
2. Host
IP addresses are divided into
classes A,B and C to define large,
medium, and small networks.
The Class D address class was
created to enable multicasting.

IETF reserves Class E

addresses for its own
research.

Reserved IP Addresses
Certain host addresses
are reserved and cannot
be assigned to devices on
a network.
An IP address that has
binary 0s in all host bit
positions is reserved for
the network address.
An IP address that has
binary 1s in all host bit
positions is reserved for
the broadcast address.

IP Private Addresses
No two machines that connect to a public network can have the
same IP address because public IP addresses are global and
standardized
Private IP addresses are a solution to the problem of the
exhaustion of public IP addresses. Addresses that fall within
these ranges are not routed on the Internet backbone:

Connecting a network using private addresses to the Internet

requires the usage of NAT

WAN Basic Topology

WAN Over Broad Geographical Area

WAN Technologies
Sampai saat ini, telah terdapat teknologi
yang digunakan.
Perkembangan teknologi WAN
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
Frame Relay
Multiprotocol Label Switch (MPLS)

Wide Area Network

(WAN)
WAN serve user to connect across wide or
broad geographic area.
Regional backbone network
Inter-continent backbone network

Provided by Internet Services Provider (ISP),

especially 1-Tier services provider.

WAN and MAN Architecture

WAN Terminating Equipment

DATA TERMINAL EQUIPMENT

CUSTOMER EQUIPMENT

DATA CIRCUIT TERMINATING

EQUIPMENT SERVICES
PROVIDER EQUIPMENT

WAN Physical Therminologies

Customer Premises
Equipment (CPE).
Data Communication
Equipment (DCE).
Data Terminal
Equipment (DTE).
Demarcation Point.
Local Loop.
Central Office.

WAN Physical Layer Standart

(Connector)

WAN Physical Layer Standart

(Connector)

Serial Point-to-Point Connection

Circuit Switched Network

Customer Sites

Customer Sites

Dedicated physical circuit established, maintain, and

terminated through carrier network for each
communication session.
Operate like telephone call
Example : ISDN

Packet Switched Network

Customer Sites

Share link with multiplexing mechanism

Example : ATM, Frame Relay

Customer Sites

Integrated Services Digital

Network (ISDN)
High bandwidth
Up to 128 kbps
per basic rate
interface
Dial on demand
Multiple channel
Usage-based
Voices & data

ISDN Access Options

Note:
BRI (Basic Rate Interface), PRI (Primary Rate Interface )

Frame Relay Network

Permanent, Not dial-up
Multiple connection per physical interface / use permanent
virtual circuit
CIR (Committed Information Rate), 64/32 mean normal
bandwidth provided by services provider 64 Kbps, minimal
bandwidth (worst case) 32 Kbps.

Router
Corp F/R
KANTOR Sw
PUSAT

F/R
Sw

FRAME
RELAY
F/R
Sw

KANTOR
CABANG

R
KANTOR CABANG

Hierarchical Network Model

Hierarchical digunakan sebagai abstraksi
jaringan yang modular.
modular/layering
Setiap layer dapat bersifat independent

Pendefinisian tugas pada setiap layer

abstraksi.
Meningkatkan skalabilitas jaringan yang
dibangun.

Hierarchical Network Model

Independent yang dimaksud bukan berarti
tidak berhubungan satu sama lain.
Prinsip:
Model layering pada standard OSI atau
TCP/IP
Pengembangan perangkat lunak modular,
class, package, dll.

Hierarchical Network Model

Gambaran Umum Model Hirarki

Access layer (akses user ke network

device)
Dalam jaringan LAN menyediakan
koneksi antar workstation dan server
Dalam jaringan WAN menyediakan
remote site access
Distribution layer (kebijakan
konektivitas)
Menyediakan kebijakan dalam
pengaturan konektivitas pada jaringan
internal
Core layer (backbone)
Menyediakan koneksi secepat
mungkin di backbone
Menyediakan skalabilitas dan menuju
konvergensi

Hierarchical Network Model

Gambaran Umum Model Hirarki

Hierarchical Review
Sekarang, jelaskan kembali konsep
Hierarchical Nework Design
Aspek modularitas
Aspek independent
Skalabilitas
Setiap layer

Hierarchical Network Model:

<Campus Network>

Gambaran Umum Model Hirarki

Hierarchical Network Model:

Enterprise Architecture

Gambaran Umum Model Hirarki

Hierarchical Network Model:

Large Enterprise Architecture

Gambaran Umum Model Hirarki