EXAMPLE

• A square-wave inverter has a dc source of 125V, an

output frequency of 60 Hz, and R-L series load with
R = 20 Ohm and L = 20 mH. Determine
a) An expression for load current
b) Rms load current and
c) Average source current
FOURIER SERIES ANALYSIS FOR
SQUARE WAVE INVERTER
• Fourier series method is often the most practical way to analyze
load current and to compute power absorbed by load.

4Vdc
Vo  
n ,odd n

 4Vdc 
 
In 
Vn
  n 
Zn R   no L 
2 2

Pn  I n2,rms R
  2
 In 
I rms  I
n 1
2
n , rms  
n 1  2

FOURIER SERIES ANALYSIS FOR
SQUARE WAVE INVERTER
• The quality of ac output voltage or current can be
expressed by total Harmonic Distortion (THD)


 n,rms

2
 n,rms
V
n2
2
I
THDv  n2
V1,rms THDI 
I1,rms
V2
rms V 2
1, rms

V1,rms
 4Vdc 
V 2

dc
 n 

 4Vdc 
 n 
 
EXAMPLE 1
• Consider a square wave inverter with
Vdc=100V, R=10, L=25mH, and
f=60Hz. Determine
i. Fundamental output voltage
ii. THD for output voltage and current and power
absorbed by load
 EXAMPLE 2
i. Fundamental output voltage

4V  4  Z n  R   2 fnL 
2 2
V1  dc     100   127.3V
n  (1) 
  2 n  60   25 10  
2
 10
2 3

ii.THDv and THDI
 100   9.43n  ....  ii 
2
4Vdc
Vn 
n
4  100  Vn 127.3
 In   .......(iii )
n Z n n 100   9.43n  2
127.3
 ....  i 
n
EXAMPLE 2
n fn (Hz) Vn (V) Zn () In (A) Pn (W)

1 60 127.3 13.7 9.27 429.3

3 180 42.3 30 1.42 10

5 300 25.5 48.2 0.53 1.4

7 420 18.2 66.7 0.27 0.37

9 540 14.1 85.4 0.17 0.14

 EXAMPLE 1 (CONT)


 4  100  
2
I 2
n , rms

 100 
2

n2
 THDI 
 2  1  I1,rms
 
THDv  2 2 2
 1.42   0.53   0.27   0.17 
2
 4  100          
   2   2   2   2 
 2  1   
 9.27 
 
 2 
10000  8106
  0.167
90.03  16.7%
 0.484
2
 48.4%  I 
Pn  I n2,rms R   n  R
 2
P   Pn
 429.3  10  1.40  0.37  0.14
 441W
 AMPLITUDE & HARMONIC CONTROL
• The amplitude of the fundamental 90o
frequency for a square-wave output 
n
from the full-bridge inverter is
determined by the dc input voltage.
voltage
• A controlled output can be produced
by modifying the switching scheme.
scheme
• This output voltage can be
controlled by adjusting the interval 
on each side of the pulse where the
 4V 
output is zero. V1  I1Z1   dc  cos 
  
• Harmonic also can be eliminated by
choosing a value of  which make  4V1 
 
the sine terms go to zero.
In 
Vn
  n 
Zn R 2   no L 
2
 EXAMPLE 2
• Design an inverter that will supply the series R-L
load of R=10, L=25mH with a fundamental
frequency of 60Hz and current amplitude of 9.27A
and THD less than 10%. A variable source is
available.
 EXAMPLE 2 (CONT)
• The dominant harmonic current
eliminate the 3rd harmonic,
is for n = 3 (third harmonic), so
the switching scheme must 90o
  30o
eliminate the third harmonic. 3
 V1 
V1  I1Z1 Vdc   
 4 cos  
 I1 R 2   no L 
2

  127   
 o 
 (9.27) 10   1  2   60   0.025  
2
2
 4 cos 30 
 127V  116V
EXAMPLE 1 (CONT)

Z n  R   2 fnL 
2 2

  2 n  60   25 10  
2
 10
2 3


 100   9.43n  ....  ii 

2

Vn 127
In   .......(iii )
Z n n 100   9.43n  2
EXAMPLE 1 (CONT)
n fn (Hz) Vn (V) Zn () In (A)
1 60 127.3 13.7 9.27
3 180 0 30 0
5 300 25.5 48.2 0.53
7 420 18.2 66.7 0.27
9 540 0 85.4 0
2 2
 0.53   0.27 
   
 2   2 
THDI 
 9.27 
 
 2 
 0.067
 6.7%  than 10%