WELCOME TO

DENTAL MATERIALS I
RESD
2012
Dr. Fred Berry

WELCOME TO
DENTAL MATERIALS I
RESD 702
2012

Dr. Fred Berry

Hope you had a

MERRY CHRISTMAS
HAPPY NEW YEAR
and a
Restful Time off

PLEASE WRITE YOUR NAME ON

THE FRONT OF YOUR MANUAL
NOW!!

THANKS!!!!

Manual PAGE # 1
Schedule Page # 3
Course Texts Page # 6
PLEASE WEAR LAB JACKETS
AND NAME TAGS

Why Dental Materials?

Learn the basic materials utilized in
future lab courses and on clinic prior to
graduation
Questions on National Board Part II Exam
Daily / hourly use in dental practice
Familiarity with materials is essential to
quality dental treatment
Using a material incorrectly = FAILURE
loss of income & unnecessary trauma to
your patient

ALGINATE IRREVERSIBLE
HYDROCOLLOID IMPRESSION
MATERIAL

(most widely used impression material in

dentistry)

REVERSIBLE AGAR
HYDROCOLLOID
(will be discussed later with the
Elastomeric Impression Materials)

I. Introduction

(terminology)

A. Impression material:
Used to make an
accurate replica of
the oral tissues

B. Impression:
A negative
reproduction of the
oral tissues

 C. Impression Tray:
A metal or plastic device into which the material
is placed, carried to the mouth, allowed to set,
supported and then removed.

Types:
All plastic perforated or non-perforated
Metal rim-lock or perforated

 D. Model or Cast
A POSITIVE produced by filling an
impression with a hard setting gypsum
material
Used in the evaluation and fabrication of
restorations or prostheses

II. Desirable Properties of an

Impression Material

 (1) should be elastic:

exceptions: Impression Plaster, ZOE,
Compound
(2) pleasant odor, taste, and color
(3) non-toxic or irritating
(4) adequate shelf life
(5) economical
(6) easy to use with minimum equipment
(7) good setting characteristics
(8) good consistency and texture

 (9) readily wets the oral tissues

(10) removed without permanent
deformation or damage
(11) adequate strength
(12) dimensionally stable
(13) compatible with various cast and die
materials
(14) accurate
(15) able to be disinfected

III. Composition of Alginate Powder

III. Uses of Alginate Material:

Impressions and Models for:
diagnostic (study) models
construction of custom trays & bite
blocks
construction of prosthetic temporary
crowns,bridges or appliances
fabrication of a quick model to check the
progress of a crown/bridge preparation
simple transfer impressions
and many other uses where needed

IV. Setting Reaction

Potassium Alginate + Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate
(POWDER) + H20 = Calcium Alginate GEL + Sodium
Sulfate

Sol to Gel Phase POWDER + WATER

IRREVERSIBLE REACTION

V. Physical Properties
A. WORKING TIME: time you have
to
work with the material before it
sets
Regular set: 2 minutes (60 sec. mix time)
Fast set: 1 minute (45 sec. mix time)
Affected by:
increase temp
colder temp
mixing time
w/p ratio

 B. Setting Time:
Regular set = 4 minutes from start of mix
Fast set = 2 minutes from start of mix
Affected by:
increase water temp 10 degrees = 1/2
set time (sets
faster)
decrease
water temp(cold) = longer
setting time
(sets slower)

 C. Flexibility(elasticity):
able to be removed after set (elastic)
Is limited - should block out major undercuts

D. Strength:
tendency to tear - remove with SNAP motion
avoid thin areas - need 3 - 4 mm thickness

E. Compatible with
most Gypsum
Products such
as

 F. Dimensional Stability

(Loss of
accuracy with time of storage)

Syneresis:
water collects on the surface
evaporates causing shrinkage
Avoid by:
pouring ASAP
storing
correctly

 Imbibition:
absorption of water
causes expansion or swelling
avoid by:
pouring ASAP
storing correctly

 G. Permanent Deformation
Once seated no pressure should be
exerted
Needs adequate thickness (3-4 mm)
Tray size very important
Tends to slump - build up with wax for
high palates
highest deformation

of all impression

materials

 H. Surface Reproduction
Registers the detail of the soft tissue,
restorations and fractured teeth
Not adequate for fine detail of
preparations

 I. Summary:

Slight initial expansion

Slight initial contraction
Loss of accuracy with time of storage
STORAGE--up to 2 hrs @ 100% humidity:
Cover with moist paper towel
Place in plastic bag & seal
POUR ASAP
Powers & Wataha; Dental Materials Properties and
Manipulation 9th edition: modern materials usually
can be stored at 100% humidity for up to 5 days
without serious dimensional changes.

V. Clinical Technique
A. Patient position & instruction:
Upright position, have saliva ejector
ready
Brush, rinse one minute with mouthrinse
Wipe teeth & soft tissue of excess saliva
with a gauze pad

 B. Tray Selection
Correct size:
Comfortable - not impinge on the tissue
check:
Maxillary Molars (facial)
Mandibular Molars (lingual)
Always better to be slightly larger

Adapt & Extend with wax when needed

Wax extends tray borders & allows for border molding

 C. Equipment Needed

D. Water Temperature & Amount

70-75 degrees

1 - Full cylinder
per pack

Add water to the bowl first

 E. Dispensing
Read Instructions on the product
first
Accurate water powder ratio is critical
Alterations will affect the strength,
viscosity, setting time, consistency,
flexibility, tear strength and surface
detail
It is no longer necessary to fluff the
bulk container.
Do not pack the scoop tightly

F. Mixing
Add powder to measured water
Use a clean bowl as gypsum particles will cause a
decrease in the setting time of the alginate

Regular set: Mix 45 to 60 seconds

Fast set: Mix 30 to 45 seconds
Under mix = weak gel, poor surface
texture, loss of detail, unmixed
powder
Over mix = decrease working
time, loss of detail, incomplete
seating of the tray

 Thoroughly mix using the side of

the rubber mixing bowl
Have separate bowl and spatula only for
alginate
Particles of gypsum products will affect
the working and setting times (less
working time and faster set)

 G. Loading the tray

Avoid trapping air if using a solid tray
Place more in the anterior
Apply excess in areas of common voids
Maxillary molars, palate, anteriors under the
lip, occlusal surfaces
Linguals of Mandibular molars, anteriors
under the lip, occlusal surfaces

Correct w/p ratio

Incorrect w/p ratio produces runny mix = discard

 H. Tray Insertion
Center the tray in the arch
Anterior first - prevents going too far
posterior
Posterior first then rotate up?
Allows one to see location of posterior border of
tray in relation to soft palate, hamular notches, last
tooth
Less tendency to cause
gagging since less
excess material in the
palate area

 Seat tray fully allowing the alginate to move

forward
Hold in place without pressure or movement
until fully set
2 minutes after alginate loses
its
stickiness
4 minutes from
start of the
mix

 I. Tray (impression) removal

Grasp tray firmly
Support patient
Remove with one snap motion
Break the posterior seal first
Avoid rocking to remove

 J. Impression Evaluation
Rinse only with water if areas of blood or
saliva are present
Rinse with slurry before the model is
poured

 K. Criteria
A. clear negative reproduction of the
teeth,gingival margins, palate,
frenum attachments, facial and
lingual vestibules, hamular notches,
palatal vault
B. free of
bubbles
or voids
in the
tooth
portions

 C. free of bubbles or voids larger than

0.5 mm in diameter in other areas
D. no evidence of unmixed powder
E. surface should be smooth with no
evidence of distortion
F. no tears
G. impression should be completely within
the confines
of
the tray
H. impression
should
not be
pulled

If the Impression is unacceptable,

simply remove it from the tray and
try again. It is more difficult to remove
if adhesive has been used and in most
cases a new tray must be used. One
reason for not using it in our lab
project today and Wednesday.

VI. Impression/Model Disinfection

1. AntiMicrobial Alginate

2. Use Aseptisol /
Water
Plaster
order to
model
lab)

mixture in the
or Stone in
disinfect the
(found in the
not for our

VII. Impression Storage

Wrap with a MOIST paper towel
Place in a plastic bag and seal
Can be stored for up to 2 hours in 100%
humidity (Only in extreme situations)
NEVER WITH AN IMPRESSION FOR A
FINAL MODEL

VIII. Model Fabrication

Ideally pour immediately (within 10-15
minutes) in the selected Gypsum product
Always keep the impression facing upright
DO NOT AIR DRY!

VIII. Removal of the Impression from

the Final Set Model
Remove after one hour
Prolonged contact between the Alginate and
Gypsum will cause surface deterioration of the
model
Alginate will absorb moisture from the model
Danger of fracture of
the teeth due to the
hardness of the Alginate
when removing the
impression from the model

IX. Trouble Shooting

A. Short working or setting time
Water temp, w/p ratio, mixing time, time
in loading the tray

B. Grainy surface, lack of detail

Not mixed well, material starting to set,
removal before final set
Incorporated air when mixing

 C. Gagging

Explain to patient, patient position

Take lower first, use fast set
Anesthetic rinses and sprays
Avoid overloading the tray in the posterior

D. Tearing
Removal
Size of the tray & presence of severe
undercuts

E. Bubbles or voids
Apply some material with finger or syringe
prior to tray placement

X. LABORATORY PROCEDURE
A. Preparation of the Typodont for Impression
Clinically these
areas are usually
occupied by
the tissue papilla

Apply SMALL pieces

of MOIST paper towel
to the proximal areas
of all teeth to prevent
tearing of the alginate

WET
TYPODONT
BEFORE YOU
TAKE THE
IMPRESSION

B. Tray Adaptation

Trays may be heated over a bunsen burner

to soften and allow the tray to be
stretched or adapted to the arch prior to
adding wax to the borders. Usually it will
be required with the Mandibular tray.

C. Wax Addition to Impression Trays

After the tray has been tried in the
patients mouth and determined to
be
the correct size for this patient. Wax
may be added to extend or lengthen the
sides of the tray in order to register
the muco-buccal fold and freenum
attachments.

Adapt & Extend with wax when needed

D. Adhesive Application

Can be used before or after wax application

Should always use with a solid plastic tray
Your choice with perforated plastic tray but it

is recommended to get the best results

If the material pulls away from the tray, you
will have to retake the impression
Spray the tray with a MINIMAL
amount over a paper towel = very sticky
Allow it to dry thoroughly before
using it
Recommended clinically

Be sure to apply the adhesive

after the tray has been tried in
the patient and selected as the
one to be used.

For our lab procedure, be careful not to

touch the typodont with your fingers or
gloves if you have adhesive on them as it will
cause the alginate to stick to the typodont
and you will not be able to remove the
impression without tearing it!!

Today we will not be using the spray

unless there is a problem with the
alginate pulling loose from the tray in
removing it from the typodont

X. Impression Procedure

Separate the Maxillary & Mandibular

arches of the Yypodont by removing the

springs-- be careful not to lose the
springs!!

X. Impression Procedure

A. Impression of the Typodont

Several coats
of silicone
should have
been applied

Removal
with a
SNAP
once the
Jeltrate
is set

Note void area

in anterior

You will receive a Max.

and Mand.Tray--You may
use them for the next
lab also.so dont throw
them away!!

You will not have to use

any marginal wax as
these trays extend far
enough to register the
borders of the typodont

B. Model Fabrication
Wrap impression in MOIST paper towel to
avoid drying out or
Pour (using Dental Plaster) before take
Maxillary impression

A vibrator is used to decrease air bubbles and produce

a denser model

POUR IMPRESSION FIRST

KEEP UPRIGHT UNTIL INITIAL SET

Alginate Clean-up

WIPE WITH A PAPER TOWEL AFTER SET THEN WASH BOWL

Plaster/Stone Clean-up

WIPE WITH A PAPER TOWEL BEFORE SET THEN WASH BOWL

POUR IMPRESSION FIRST

Note LOSS OF GLOSS

Second Pour = Base Fabrication

BE VERY CAREFUL NOT TO

DISTORT THE IMPRESSION
WHEN YOU WRAP THE WAX
AROUND THE IMPRESSION

Impressions may be
boxed with wax in
order to pour a
one stage model
Impression must be
kept upright!

Wide masking tape may also be used

being careful not to distort the
impression during its placement.

Rubber model
formers may
also be used-Be careful the
impression does not
sink down into the
Plaster!!

Happy Impression Making!!!!!!!

The
Berry
End