Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Presenters:
Sayed Shahid Jilani
Contents
• BASICS
– What is World Trade Organization?
– Principles of the trading system
– The case for open trade
• THE AGREEMENTS
– Overview: a navigational guide
– Tariffs: more bindings and closer to zero
– Agriculture: fairer markets for farmers
– Standards and safety
–investment
Services: rules for growth and
Contents. . .
• SETTLING DISPUTES
– How disputes are resolved?
A unique contribution
–
• DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
– Committees
Overview
–
– WTO technical cooperation
– Some issues raised
• THEWhose
ORGANIZATION
– Membership,
WTO is anyway?
– alliances and bureaucracy
– The Secretariat
– Special policies
•equally
National treatment: Treating foreigners and locals
• TheEvery
case for open trade
– & financial resources
country has its human, industrial, natural
– Comparative advantage
– flow
liberal trade policies – that allow the unrestricted
of goods & services – sharpen competition,
motivate innovation and breed success
THE AGREEMENTS
The WTO is ‘rules-based’;
its rules are negotiated agreements
“For goods”
• Agriculture
• Health regulations for farm products
(SPS)
• Textiles and clothing
• Product standards (TBT)
• Investment measures
• Anti-dumping measures
• Customs valuation methods
• Preshipment inspection
• Rules of origin
• Import licensing
• Safeguards
THE AGREEMENTS. . .
“For services”
• Air transport
• Financial services
• Shipping
• Telecommunications etc.
• zero
Tariffs: more bindings and closer to
– countries’
There are 22,500 pages listing individual
commitments on specific categories
of goods and services
– Including commitments to cut and “bind”
their customs duty rates on imports of goods
– In some cases, tariffs are being cut to zero
– There is also a significant increase in the
number of “bound” tariffs – committed duty
rates
THE AGREEMENTS. . .
• A unique contribution
– system
the central pillar of the multilateral trading
– the
WTO’s unique contribution to the stability of
global economy
– with
The system is based on clearly-defined rules,
timetables for completing a case
– endorsed
First rulings are made by a panel and
(or rejected) by the WTO’s full
membership
• HowDispute
are disputes settled?
– Settlement Body
– Body establishes panels
– First stage: consultation (up to 60 days)
– panel
Second stage: the panel (up to 45 days for a
to be appointed, plus 6 months
for the panel to conclude)
Thank You