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Donde:
CS = concentracin de un elemento en la fase
slida
CL = concentracin de un elemento en la fase
lquida
KD 1
Elementos incompatibles
comnmente se dividen
dos subgrupos
Rb
Sr
Ba
Ni
Cr
La
Ce
Nd
Sm
Eu
Dy
Er
Yb
Lu
Table 9-1. Partition Coefficients (CS/CL) for Some Commonly Used Trace
Elements in Basaltic and Andesitic Rocks
Olivine
0.010
0.014
0.010
14
0.70
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.013
0.026
0.049
0.045
Opx
0.022
0.040
0.013
5
10
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.05
0.05
0.15
0.23
0.34
0.42
Cpx
Garnet
0.031
0.042
0.060
0.012
0.026
0.023
7
0.955
34
1.345
0.056
0.001
0.092
0.007
0.230
0.026
0.445
0.102
0.474
0.243
0.582
1.940
0.583
4.700
0.542
6.167
0.506
6.950
Plag
Amph Magnetite
0.071
0.29
1.830
0.46
0.23
0.42
0.01
6.8
29
0.01
2.00
7.4
0.148
0.544
2
0.082
0.843
2
0.055
1.340
2
0.039
1.804
1
0.1/1.5*
1.557
1
0.023
2.024
1
0.020
1.740
1.5
0.023
1.642
1.4
0.019
1.563
* Eu3+/Eu2+
Figure 9.1a. Ni Harker Diagram for Crater Lake. From data compiled by Rick Conrey. From
Winter (2001) An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall.
Figure 9.1b. Zr Harker Diagram for Crater Lake. From data compiled by Rick Conrey. From
Winter (2001) An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall.
Rb
Sr
Ba
Ni
Cr
La
Ce
Nd
Sm
Eu
Dy
Er
Yb
Lu
Table 9-1. Partition Coefficients (CS/CL) for Some Commonly Used Trace
Elements in Basaltic and Andesitic Rocks
Olivine
0.01
0.014
0.01
14.0
0.7
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.013
0.026
0.049
0.045
Opx
0.022
0.04
0.013
5.0
10.0
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.05
0.05
0.15
0.23
0.34
0.42
Cpx
Garnet
0.031
0.042
0.06
0.012
0.026
0.023
7.0
0.955
34.0
1.345
0.056
0.001
0.092
0.007
0.23
0.026
0.445
0.102
0.474
0.243
0.582
3.17
0.583
6.56
0.542 11.5
0.506 11.9
Plag
Amph Magnetite
0.071
0.29
1.83
0.46
0.23
0.42
0.01
6.8
29.
0.01
2.0
7.4
0.148
0.544
2.
0.082
0.843
2.
0.055
1.34
2.
0.039
1.804
1.
0.1/1.5*
1.557
1.
0.023
2.024
1.
0.02
1.74
1.5
0.023
1.642
1.4
0.019
1.563
* Eu3+/Eu2+
Diagramas de REE
Se plotea la concentracin (eje Y) vs el nmero
atmico
La compatibilidad aumenta hacia la derecha
Concentracin
La Ce Nd Sm Eu Tb Er Dy Yb Lu
Asociaciones Tectnicas
Ridge Mid-ocenico (MORB)
Islas Oceanicas (OIB)
Volcanismo relacionado a sunduccin
Arco de Islas
Arco continental
Rift continental
Plateau baslticos continentales
RIDGES MID-OCENICOS
Ridges mid-ocenicos
Figure 13.1. After Minster et al. (1974) Geophys. J. Roy. Astr. Soc., 36, 541-576.
Geoqumica de
elementos mayores
de un MORB
Oxide (wt%)
SiO2
TiO2
Al2O3
FeO*
MgO
CaO
Na2O
K2O
P2O5
Total
All
50.5
1.56
15.3
10.5
7.47
11.5
2.62
0.16
0.13
99.74
MAR
50.7
1.49
15.6
9.85
7.69
11.4
2.66
0.17
0.12
99.68
EPR
50.2
1.77
14.9
11.3
7.10
11.4
2.66
0.16
0.14
99.63
IOR
50.9
1.19
15.2
10.3
7.69
11.8
2.32
0.14
0.10
99.64
Norm
q
or
ab
an
di
hy
ol
mt
il
ap
0.94
0.95
22.17
29.44
21.62
17.19
0.0
4.44
2.96
0.30
0.76
1.0
22.51
30.13
20.84
17.32
0.0
4.34
2.83
0.28
0.93
0.95
22.51
28.14
22.5
16.53
0.0
4.74
3.36
0.32
1.60
0.83
19.64
30.53
22.38
18.62
0.0
3.90
2.26
0.23
All: Ave of glasses from Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Ocean ridges.
MAR: Ave. of MAR glasses. EPR: Ave. of EPR glasses.
IOR: Ave. of Indian Ocean ridge glasses.
Geoqumica de
elementos mayores de
un MORB
Figure 14.1. Map of relatively well-established hotspots and selected hotspot trails (island chains or aseismic ridges).
Hotspots and trails from Crough (1983) with selected more recent hotspots from Anderson and Schramm (2005). Also
shown are the geoid anomaly contours of Crough and Jurdy (1980, in meters). Note the preponderance of hotspots in
the two major geoid highs (superswells).
Elementos traza
LILE (K, Rb, Cs, Ba, Pb2+ and Sr) son incompatibles y todos
ellos estn enriquecidos en magmas OIB con respecto a
MORB
Algunas razones entre elementos incompatibles son
empkeadas para distinguir entre fuente de reservorios
N-MORB: razn K/Ba alta (usualmente > 100)
E-MORB: K/Ba medio en torno a 30
OITs rango entre 25-40, y OIAs en general cercano o menor a 20
Elementos traza
HFSE (Th, U, Ce, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, and Ti) tambin son
incompatibles (en menor medida) y estn enriquecidos
en OIBs en relacin a MORBs
Razones de estos elementos tambin se usan para
distinguir entre fuentes
Razn Zr/Nb
N-MORBs generamente >30)
OIBs valores ms bajos (<10)
Diagrama REE
Figure 16.1. Principal subduction zones associated with orogenic volcanism and plutonism. Triangles are on the overriding plate.
PBS = Papuan-Bismarck-Solomon-New Hebrides arc. After Wilson (1989) Igneous Petrogenesis, Allen Unwin/Kluwer.
A = andesite, D = dacite,
R = rhyolite
Within Plate
Oceanic Continental
yes
yes
yes
yes
Elementos mayores y
Series de magmas
a. Alkali vs. silica
b. AFM
c. FeO*/MgO vs. silica
1946 muestras de zonas de
subduccin
Figure 16.6. b. AFM diagram distinguishing tholeiitic and calc-alkaline series. Arrows represent
differentiation trends within a series.
MAGMATISMO DE ARCO
CONTINENTAL
Figure 16.1. Principal subduction zones associated with orogenic volcanism and plutonism. Triangles are on the overriding plate.
PBS = Papuan-Bismarck-Solomon-New Hebrides arc. After Wilson (1989) Igneous Petrogenesis, Allen Unwin/Kluwer.
Figure 17.1. Map of western South America showing the plate tectonic
framework, and the distribution of volcanics and crustal types. NVZ,
CVZ, and SVZ are the northern, central, and southern volcanic zones.
After Thorpe and Francis (1979) Tectonophys., 57, 53-70; Thorpe et al.
(1982) In R. S. Thorpe (ed.), (1982). Andesites. Orogenic Andesites and
Related Rocks. John Wiley & Sons. New York, pp. 188-205; and Harmon
et al. (1984) J. Geol. Soc. London, 141, 803-822. Winter (2001) An
Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall.
Geoqumica de
elementos mayores
Figure 17.17. Harker-type and AFM variation diagrams for the Coastal batholith of Peru. Data span several suites from W. S. Pitcher, M. P.
Atherton, E. J. Cobbing, and R. D. Beckensale (eds.), Magmatism at a Plate Edge. The Peruvian Andes. Blackie. Glasgow. Winter (2001) An
Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall.
Diagramas REE
Figure 17.4. Chondrite-normalized REE diagram for selected Andean volcanics. NVZ (6 samples, average SiO 2 = 60.7, K2O = 0.66, data from
Thorpe et al. 1984; Geist, pers. comm.). CVZ (10 samples, ave. SiO2 = 54.8, K2O = 2.77, data from Deruelle, 1982; Davidson, pers. comm.;
Thorpe et al., 1984). SVZ (49 samples, average SiO2 = 52.1, K2O = 1.07, data from Hickey et al. 1986; Deruelle, 1982; Lpez-Escobar et al.
1981). Winter (2001) An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall.
Figure 17.5. MORB-normalized spider diagram (Pearce, 1983) for selected Andean volcanics. NVZ (6 samples, average SiO 2 = 60.7, K2O =
0.66, data from Thorpe et al. 1984; Geist, pers. comm.). CVZ (10 samples, ave. SiO2 = 54.8, K2O = 2.77, data from Deruelle, 1982; Davidson,
pers. comm.; Thorpe et al., 1984). SVZ (49 samples, average SiO2 = 52.1, K2O = 1.07, data from Hickey et al. 1986; Deruelle, 1982; LpezEscobar et al. 1981). Winter (2001) An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall.
10.00
67% Ol
sample/chondrite
8.00
17% Opx
17% Cpx
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
56
58 Ce 60 Nd 62Sm Eu
64 Tb66
La
68
Er
70 Lu 72
Yb
10.00
10.00
57% Ol
8.00
14% Opx
sample/chondrite
sample/chondrite
8.00
6.00
4.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
2.00
0.00
0.00
La Ce Nd Sm Eu
Tb
Er
Yb Lu
56
58
La
64
Ce60 Nd 62Sm Eu
Tb66
68
Er
70 Lu
Yb
72
Elemento
Ni, Co, Cr
V, Ti
Zr, Hf
Ba, Rb
Sr
REE
Granate acomoda las HREE ms que las LREE, y ortopiroxeno y hornblenda en menor proporcin.
Esfeno y plagioclasa acomodan ms las LREE. Eu2+ es fuertemente fraccionado por las plagioclasas