Introduction to HSDPA Scheduler

-UMTS Radio Network Planning & Optimization Dept

Contents
HSDPA Schedulers Structure
HSDPA Scheduling Algorithm
HS-SCCH Power Control Algorithm
AMC Algorithm

HARQ Algorithm
HSDPA power allocation methods
HSDPA code allocation methods
The Features of HSDPA scheduler
Q&A


HSDPA Schedulers Structure

Wireless Resource calculation

HSDPA power
calculation module

HSDPA code
calculation module

HS-SCCH power
reservation
module

CQI Adjusment Module

Priority Calculation Module

HS-SCCH Power Control Module

TFRC Module

Scheduling Algorithm
1/8
Four Algorithms are included:
PF (Proportional Fairness)
RR (Round Robin)
MAX-C/I
GBR

Generally, PFRRMAX-C/I can be used when only I/B

traffic exist. GBR can be used when I/B/S mixture traffic
exist.

Scheduling Algorithm
2/8

PFit always schedules the UE which has the biggest

instantaneous throughput/mean throughput. The fairness
and throughput could be adjusted according to operators
requirement.
RRit always schedules the UE which lies in the head of
queue, then move this scheduled UE to the last.
MAX-C/Iit always
schedules the UE which
has the largest C/I or CQI.

W1W2W3 denote
respectively the
different fairness PF
algorithm

Scheduling Algorithm
3/8
PFRRMAX-C/I field trial result:
Alog

ThroughputKbps

UE1far

UE2far

UE3near

UE4near

CELLtotal

RR

361

369

841.6

836.4

2408

PF1

421.4

411.7

939.3

937.4

2709.8

PF2

308.7

322.3

1150

1120

2901

PF3

213.8

240.8

1290

1250

2994.6

PF4

164.8

184

1380

1360

3088.8

PF5

111.1

132

1490

1460

3193.1

PF6

74

90

1510

1550

3224

MaxC/I

1670

1680

3350


Scheduling Algorithm 4/8

The figure of above data:

4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

Algorithm

MaxC/I

PF6

PF5

PF4

PF3

PF2

PF1

UE1
UE2
UE3
UE4
CELL

RR

Throughput[kbps]

Throughput vs Algorithm

Scheduling Algorithm
5/8
GBR

algorithmthis algorithm is designed to schedule I/B/S

mixture trafficit combines M-LWDF algorithm and Token
algorithm, it considers two QoS parameters, i.e.,GBR and
DiscardTimer . The priority formula is below:

w(TB j ,n ) TB j ,n / 2

dToken _ HOL, j

Priority j (n)=f(SPI j )

rj (n)
DiscardTime
f(SPI j )
: denots the j users weight of different
Scheduling Priority Indicator.
w(TB j , n ) :adjusts the fairness and throughput through it.
TB j ,n

:denotes the instantaneous throughput.

Scheduling Algorithm
6/8
dToken _ HOL , n :denotes the delay of j users virtual token.

Its input and output is described as figure

below.

rj ( n)

GBR

:denotes the mean

throughput of j user.
Token barrel

UE data
rate

Scheduling Algorithm
7/8
Simulation result of GBR algorithm: in case of below 5%
unsatisfied user probability, cell throughput is about
1.3Mbps, about 10~11 UE with 128kbps GBR service.
cell layout:19cell,57sector;3km velocity,UE uniform distribution,14codes and 65% HSDPA power
50
45
GBR=128Kbps;DiscardTimer=4 second

40

Unsatisfied user probability [%]

35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1200

1400

1600

1800
2000
2200
HS-DSCH throughput [kbps]

2400

2600

Scheduling Algorithm
8/8

The characteristic of GBR algorithm:

Soft priority adjustment: when UE data rate decreases to
below GBR, scheduler increases gradually the UEs
priority, it can obtain more bigger multiuser diversity gain,
i.e., support more streaming user.
Relative scheduling priority: SPI is used for indicating UE
scheduling priority, first we may map SPI to a weight,
then, multiply priority formula by the weight.

HS-SCCH Power Control Algorithm

1/6

Two methods:
HS-SCCH Power control Based on CQI
Calculate HS-SCCH power according to each UEs
CQI and MPO value every 2ms TTI.

HS-SCCH Power control associated with DPCCH

PILOT
Calculate HS-SCCH power according to each UEs
DL-DPCCH PILOT power value every 2ms TTI.

HS-SCCH Power Control Algorithm

2/6

HS-SCCH Power control Based on CQI

Node B
Target BLER

MPO
HS-SCCH

Outer loop

Inner loop

CQI
ACK/NACK/DTX

HSDPA UE

HS-SCCH Power Control Algorithm

3/6
HS-SCCH Power control Based on CQI
Inner loop power calculation:
PHSSCCH

Es
Es
PCPICH
MPO 8

N
N
0 HS SCCH
0 HS DSCH

Es
4.5 CQI

N0 HS DSCH

Es
= 1.2db

N 0 HS SCCH

HS-SCCH Power Control Algorithm

4/6
HS-SCCH Power control Based on CQI
Outer loop power calculation:
Because ACK/NACK denotes HS-SCCH decoding
succeedes, however DTX denotes HS-SCCH decoding
fails. So it is reasonable to adjust HS-SCCH power
according to DTX/ACK/NACK.

HS-SCCH Power Control Algorithm

5/6
HS-SCCH Power control associated with DPCCH PILOT
Node B
Target BLER
HS-SCCH
Outer loop

Inner loop

TPC
ACK/NACK/DTX

P_HS-SCCH = P_DL-DPCCH + delta

Delta is controled by outer loop.

HSDPA UE

HS-SCCH Power Control Algorithm

6/6

The method based on CQI have a great deal of

advantage, i.e., because CQI always denotes channel
quality, whether UE is Non-SHO or SHO (Soft Hand
Over) ,while DPCCH is not like that.
So HS-SCCH power control based on CQI is strongly
recommended. The figure below is got from field trial,
target mean value is 3%.

12
10
8
6
4
2
0

1 17 33 49 65 81 97 113 129 145 161 177 193 209 225 241 257 273 289 305 321 337 353 369 385 401 417 433 449 465 481 497

AMC Algorithm
1/4
AMC theory:

AMC Algorithm
2/4
AMC(Adaptive Modulation Coding): According to
CQIMPOUE capacityavailable power and
codesdata buffer size and BLER, HSDPA
scheduler smartly selects transmission format and
allocates power/codes resources.
HS-DSCH
BLER

Data Buffer Size

AMC
CQI Adjustment
Module

Adjusted CQI
Aailable HS-DSCH power

Aailable HS-DSCH codes

MPO

Transmmsion
Format Selction

Power/Codes
Allocation

AMC Algorithm
3/4
AMC algorithms basic link level results:

Simulation condition: RAKE receiver,AWGN channel.

AMC Algorithm
4/4

AMC Algorithms characteristic:

Steady BLER
Higher throughput and power/codes efficiency,
especially for unbalanced power and codes case,
because expanded TB tables has been included.

HARQ Algorithm
1/7
HARQ types:
HARQ type 1: the same block is retransmitted and
optimum combining at the bit level is performed. This is
Chase Combining (CC).

Systematic Bits

P1

Parity Bits

P2

1.TX

2.TX

HARQ Algorithm
2/7
HARQ types:
HARQ type 2: Full IR (FIR) with non self-decodable
retransmissions allowed. Optimum combining is
performed for bits already transmitted.

Systematic Bits

P1

Parity Bits

P2

1.TX

2.TX


HARQ Algorithm 3/7

HARQ types:
HARQ type 3: Partial IR (PIR) with self-decodable
retransmissions only. Optimum combining is performed for
bits already transmitted (for instance systematic bits).

Systematic Bits

P1

Parity Bits

P2

1.TX

2.TX

HARQ Algorithm
4/7
HARQ types:
For 16QAM, constellation rearrangment may be available
to balance the bit reliability.

HARQ Algorithm
5/7

HARQ combination program:

HARQ Algorithm
6/7

CC/PIR/FIR performance

In case of higher code rate, FIR is better than

PIR, and PIR is better than CC.

HARQ Algorithm 7/7

RV parameter selection:
CR: code rate; CA: constellation rearrangement.
Type

1st TX

2nd TX

3rd TX

4th TX

QPSK/low
CR

0(CC)

0(CC)

0(CC)

QPSK/high
CR

1(FIR)

0(CC)

0(CC)

16QAM/low
CR

4(CC+CA)

6(CC+CA)

5(CC+CA)

16QAM/me
dia CR

2(PIR+CA)

6(CC+CA)

5(CC+CA)

16QAM/hig
h CR

3(FIR+CA)

6(CC+CA)

5(CC+CA)


HSDPA power allocation methods

HSDPA and R99 share the total power.

Dynamic HSDPA power

Static HSDPA power

In case of dynamic HSDPA power,Margin power may be about

2%, i.e., 98% cell total power may be used in ZTE system.


HSDPA code allocation methods

RNC dynamic code allocation

SF=16

SF=16

Black ring: Common Channel codes

Blue ring: R99 codes
Pink ring: HSDPA codes

Features of HSDPA scheduler

Support PFRRMAX C/IGBR scheduling algorithm.

PF algorithm can adjust fairness and throughput.
GBR algorithm consists of M-LWDF + Token, its soft priority
promotion could make the cell capacity maximize.
HS-SCCH power control based on CQI, and outloop power
control has been added.
Flexible AMC algorithm make steady BLER and high
power/codes efficiency.
The best RV parameter selection make high retransmission
efficiency.
Dynamic HSDPA total power allocation make high cell
power efficiency.
Dynamic HSDPA codes allocation make high code
efficiency.