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Stone
a natural, hard substance formed from
minerals and earth material which are
present in rocks.
Rock
the portion of the earths crust having no
definite shape and structure
Hardness: hardness is
important when stone
is used for flooring,
paving, and stair
treads.
Hardness:
Talc, easily scratched with the thumb-nail:
1
Gypsum, scratched by the thumb-nail:
2
Calcite, not scratched by thumb-nail but easily cut by knife:
3
Fluorite, can be cut by knife with greater difficulty than calcite: 4
Apatite, can be cut only with difficulty by knife:
5
Orthoclase, can be cut w/ knife w/ great difficulty on thin edges: 6
Quartz, not scratched by steel, scratches glass:
7
Topaz:
8
Sapphire:
9
Diamond:
10
Durability: Resistance
to the weathering
effects of rain, wind,
heat, and frost action
is necessary for
exterior stonework
Workability: A stones
hardness and grain
texture must allow it to
be quarried, cut and
shaped
Density: A stones
porosity affects its
ability to withstand
frost action and
staining
Density:
Porosity of Stones
24-hours Water Absorption of Stones by Volume
Appearance:
Appearance factors
include color, grain,
and texture
CLASSIFICATION OF STONES
(according to geological origin):
Igneous rock
Metamorphic rocks
Sedimentary rock
Metamorphic rocks:
Examples of Transformation of Rocks
Rubble
Dimension stone
Flagstone
Crushed stone
STONE CONSTRUCTION
Largely used as facing for building material with steel and concrete
frames.
Application Categories :
Paneling
2. Ashlars
3. Rubblework
4. Trim
1.
Running Bond - a
masonry bond formed
when all units are laid in
stretcher position, with
a half-unit overlap
Stone Finish
Stone Pavers