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The

term Bluetooth refers to an open specification for a


technology to enable short-range wireless voice and data
communications anywhere in the world.
Bluetooth is a standard for a small, low-cost, power efficient
radio chip that can be used by computers, printers, mobile
phones, headsets, headphones, and numerous other consumer
electronics. This technology allows multiple devices to
communicate with each other or one device can control and
manage several other devices.

Much in the same way that King Harald Bluetooth united Denmark and
Norway, Bluetooth was designed to unite computers, phone equipment and
many other electronics devices. Back in 1994, Ericsson Mobile
Communications began a feasibility study on an inexpensive low-power
radio solution between cell phones and phone accessories.
Four years later, Ericsson, along with Nokia, IBM, Toshiba and Intel formed the
Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG). This association represented leading
companies in mobile telephony, notebook computers and a market leader in
digital signal processing technology.

Bluetooth takes the information normally carried


by a wire and transmits it at a special frequency to
another Bluetooth device. Both the sending and
receiving devices have what is called a Bluetooth
receiver chip, which translates data into a wireless
transmission and then back to normal again,
depending on if it is sending or receiving data.

Two

devices locate each other.


Form a connection and transfer data.
Wireless cable replacement scenario.
The device that initiates the connection is called the
Master.
Any other devices the Master is connected to are
referred to as Slaves.

Two

devices create a point-to-point connection.


A third device comes into range.
The new device is discovered is added to the piconet
and data can be transferred.
Up to seven slaves can be connected to one master.
Slaves cannot pass data to other slaves without sending
through the master.
The master defines the timing for the piconet.

Scatternets

allow devices to be active in numerous

piconets.
The device can be a slave in one piconet and a master
in another. It cannot be a master in two piconets!
The device can act as a gateway from one piconet to
another.

master can create two types of logical channel with


a slave device:
Asynchronous Connection Less (ACL): Packet Switched
System provides a reliable data connection with a best
effort bandwidth; depends on radio performance and
number of devices in the piconet.
Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO): Circuit
Switched System provides real time unreliable
connection with a guaranteed bandwidth; usually used
for voice based applications.

Logical link control & Adaptation Protocol (L 2 C A P )


Segmentation & Reassembly
Multiplexing
QOS

Link Management Protocol (LMP)


Setup and Management of baseband connection.
Authentication & Security.
Flow control

Globally free spectrum


2.45 GHz, ISM band
GFSK modulation
Frequency Hopping (1600 hops/sec)
Range
10m piconet (0dBm)
100m optional (+20dBm)
Data and voice capable (1Mbps)
Full duplex: 478kbps, Asymmetric 721kbps
Secure
Authentication
128 Encryption
Limited Signal range
Pseudo Random hop sequence

The

Bluetooth specification defines a series of profiles that aid


interoperability between similar devices.
The profiles describe applications and usage scenarios for
common applications.
Application
Serial Emulation
Ad-hoc Network
Dial up w/ Phone
File transfer
FAX
Audio
Print

The Conference Table


Create and share information with your colleagues by
forming small private workspace .
Collaborative work
File and resource sharing
The Instant Postcard
Send instant photos and video clips from any location
Suitable for professional as well as private use.

Bluetooth

does not require a clear line of sight between the synced


devices. This means that the devices need not be facing each other, and it
is also possible to carry out transfers when both the devices are in separate
rooms.

The

fact that this technology requires no cables and wires is something that
has made it so popular. With so many devices engulfing our lives today, the
need for clutter-free technology is becoming more intense.

The

maximum range that it offers is 100 meters, but this range is not the
same for all similar connections. It depends on the nature of the devices
and the version that they operate upon.

One

major advantage is its simplicity of use. Anyone can figure


out how to set up a connection and sync two devices with ease.
Moreover, the technology is completely free to use and requires
no charges to be paid to any service provider.

The processing power and battery power that it requires in order


to operate is very low. This makes it an ideal tool for so many
electronic devices, as the technology can be implemented
pretty much anywhere.

The

chances of other wireless networks interfering with yours are


very low. This is because of the low powered wireless signals that
the technology adopts, and also because of something known
as frequency hopping.

Though

the transfer speeds are impressive at around 1 Mbps,


certain other technologies like Infrared can offer speeds up to 4
Mbps. This is an area that can be improved on in the near future.

Even

though the security is good, it is even better on Infrared. This


is because of the comparatively larger range of Bluetooth and
also the lack of a line of sight. Someone who knows how to hack
such networks can do so eventually.

The

battery usage during a single transfer is negligible, but there


are some people who leave the device switched on in their
devices. This inevitably eats into the battery of these devices, and
lowers the battery life considerably.

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