Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
STATICS
COURSE
INTRODUCTION
Details of Lecturer
COURSE GOALS
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Upon successful completion of this course, students
should be able to:
Course Content
Teaching Strategies
Tutorial Outline
Chapter 2 STATICS OF PARTICLES
2.39*, 41, 42*, 55, 85*, 86, 93*, 95, 99*, 104, 107*, 113
Chapter 3 RIGID BODIES: EQUIVALENT SYSTEM OF FORCES
3.1*, 4, 7*, 21, 24*, 38, 37*, 47, 48*, 49, 70*, 71, 94*, 96, 148*, 155
Chapter 4 EQUILIBRIUM OF RIGID BODIES
4.4*, 5, 9*, 12, 15*, 20, 21*, 31, 61*, 65, 67*, 93, 115*
Chapters 5 and 9 CENTROIDS AND CENTRES OF GRAVITY, MOMENTS OF
INERTIA
5.1*, 5, 7*, 21, 41*, 42, 43*, 45, 75*, 77
8.25, 21, 65
* For Chapters 1 to 6 and 9, two groups will do the problems in asterisks; the other two
groups will do the other ones. All the groups will solve all the questions in Chapters 7
and 8.
1,5,9
2,6,10
3,7,11,
4,8,12
ME13A
ME16A
(3,7)
ME13A
ME13A
ME13A
ME16A
(4,8)
ME16A
(5,9)
ME13A
ME13A
ME13A
ME16A
(6,10)
ME13A
Course Assessment
ME13A: ENGINEERING
STATICS
CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION
1.1 MECHANICS
PARTS OF MECHANICS
1.2 STATICS
ME13A: ENGINEERING
STATICS
CHAPTER TWO:
STATICS OF
PARTICLES
2.1 PARTICLE
A particle has a mass but a size that can
be neglected.
When a body is idealised as a particle,
the principles of mechanics reduce to a
simplified form, since the geometry of
the body will not be concerned in the
analysis of the problem.
PARTICLE CONTINUED
2.2.VECTOR OPERATIONS
pP
Q
2.3.2
Vector Addition
Using
R=Q+P
Q
Also:
Q
P
R=P+Q
Q + P = P + Q. This is the cummutative law of
vector addition
Polygon Rule
Q
P
Q
R
(P + Q)
P
R=P+Q+S
P + Q = (P + Q) . Triangle Rule
i.e. P + Q + S = (P + Q) + S = R
The method of drawing the vectors is
immaterial . The following method can
be used.
Q
P
Q
R
(Q + S)
P
R=P+Q+S
Q + S = (Q + S) . Triangle Rule
P + Q + S = P + (Q + S) = R
i.e. P + Q + S = (P + Q) + S = P + (Q + S)
This is the associative Law of Vector
Addition
P - Q
= P + (- Q)
Q
P -Q
Q
-Q
Parm. Rule
P-Q
Triangle Rule
Q
i.e. F = P + Q
F
(b) When the line of action of each component is known: The force, F can be
resolved into two components having lines of action along lines a and b using the
paralleogram law. From the head of F, extend a line parallel to a until it intersects b.
Likewise, a line parallel to b is drawn from the head of F to the point of intersection with
a. The two components P and Q are then drawn such that they extend from the tail of
F to points of intersection.
a
Q
Example
Solution
Solution: A parm. with sides equal to 900 N and 600 N is drawn to scale as shown.
The magnitude and direction of the resultant can be found by drawing to scale.
600N
45o
600 N
30o
15o
900 N
45o
30o
The triangle rule may also be used. Join the forces in a tip to tail fashion and
measure the magnitude and direction of the resultant.
600 N
45o
30o
135o C
900 N
900N
Trignometric Solution
Using the cosine law:
R2 = 9002 + 6002 - 2 x 900 x 600 cos 135 0
R = 1390.6 = 1391 N
R
600
sin 135
sin B
17.8
600N
135o
30o 900 N
Example
Solution
Solution: Using Triangle rule:
75o
20 kN
30 kN
105o
25o
Q
R
R2 = 302 + 202 - 2 x 30 x 20 cos 105 0 - cosine law
R = 40.13 N
Using sine rule:
4013
. N
20
and
Sin
R 40.1 N ,
38
. o
20 sin 105o
28.8 o
4013
.
2.5 RECTANGULAR
COMPONENTS OF FORCE
y
Fy = Fy j
Fx = Fx i
RECTANGULAR COMPONENTS
OF FORCE CONTD.
RECTANGULAR COMPONENTS
OF FORCE CONTD.
While the scalars, Fx and Fy may be positive or negative, depending on the sense of Fx
and Fy, their absolute values are respectively equal to the magnitudes of the component
forces Fx and Fy,
Scalar components of F have magnitudes:
Fx = F cos
and Fy = F sin
Example
y
800 N
350 N
60o
45o
25o
x
Solution
F x = 350 cos 25o + 800 cos 70o - 600 cos 60o
= 317.2 + 273.6 - 300 = 290.8 N
F y = 350 sin 25o + 800 sin 70o + 600 sin 60o
= 147.9 + 751 + 519.6 = 1419.3 N
600 N
800 N
78.4 o
350 N
60o
45o
25o
Example
2000 N
1000 N
Solution
(a) The resultant being vertical means that the
horizontal component is zero.
F x = 1000 sin 40 o + P - 2000 cos 40 o = 0
P = 2000 cos 40 o - 1000 sin 40 o =
1532.1 - 642.8 = 889.3 = 889 kN
(b)
Fy
40o
2000 N
2052 N
40o
1000 N
A particle is said to be at equilibrium when the resultant of all the forces acting on it is
zero. It two forces are involved on a body in equilibrium, then the forces are equal and
opposite.
..
150 N
150 N
If there are three forces, when resolving, the triangle of forces will close, if they are in
equilibrium.
F2
F1
F2
F3
F1
F3
EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE
CONTD.
If there are more than three forces, the polygon of forces will be closed if the particle is
in equilibrium.
F3
F2
F3
F2
F1
F4
F1
F4
The closed polygon provides a graphical expression of the equilibrium of forces.
Mathematically: For equilibrium:
R = F = 0
i.e. ( Fx i + Fy j) = 0 or (Fx) i + (Fy) j
EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE
CONCLUDED
For equilibrium:
Fx = 0 and
F y = 0.
Note: Considering Newtons first law
of motion, equilibrium can mean that
the particle is either at rest or moving in
a straight line at constant speed.
3.
Label known forces with their
magnitudes and directions. use letters
to represent magnitudes and directions
of unknown forces.
Assume direction of force which may
be corrected later.
Example
45o
B ring
D
CRATE
Solution
(a) Crate
FD ( force of cord acting on crate)
50 kg (wt. of crate)
45o
(b) Cord BD
FB (force of ring acting on cord)
D
CRATE
Solution Contd.
(c) Ring
FA (Force of cord BA acting along ring)
Example
Solution Contd.
FBC
3.73FAC .............(1)
o
cos 75
FBC
RECTANGULAR COMPONENTS
OF FORCE (REVISITED)
y
F = Fx + Fy
F = |Fx| . i + |Fy| . j
Fy = Fy j
j
Fx = Fx i
| Fx|2
| Fy |2
Rectangular Components
j
Fy
F
Fx
Fz
|Fy| . j + |Fz| . k
| F|
| Fx|2
| Fx| | F | cos x
| Fy|2
| Fz|2
| Fy| | F | cos y
| Fz| | F |cos z
i.e.
F = F ( cos x i + cos y j +
cos z k) = F
cos z k.
y = cos y
and
i.e. magnitudes.
x2 +
i.e.
y2 + z2 = 1 = 2
cos2 x,
+ cos2 y
+ cos2 z
= 1
cos2 z = Fz/F
Fd y
Fd x
Fd z
Fx
, Fy
, Fz
d
d
d
d x x2 x1 , d y y2 y1 , d z z2 z1
d dx d y dz
2
cos x
dy
dx
d
, cos y
, cos z z
d
d
d
Ry = Fy ,
Rz = Fz
cos y = Ry/R
cos z = Rz/R
Solution
Solution:
Position vector of BH = 0.6 m i + 1.2 m j - 1.2 m k
Magnitude, BH =
BH
18
. m
BH
1
(0.6 m i 12
. m j 12
. m k)
| BH | 18
.
BH 750 N
| TBH |
0.6 m i 12
. m j 12
. mk
| BH |
18
. m
TBH
| TBH |. BH
TBH
2.9 EQUILIBRIUM OF A
PARTICLE IN SPACE
For equilibrium:
Fx = 0, Fy = 0 and Fz =
0.
The equations may be used to
solve problems dealing with the
equilibrium of a particle involving
no more than three unknowns.