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I-Simple Epithelium:
II-Stratified Epithelium:
III-Glandular Epithelium.
IV- Neuro-Epithelium.
-Types
Squamous -
Cuboidal - Columnar
II-Stratified Epithelium:
-It is formed of more than one layer of cells.
-Its types are:
-Stratified squamous epithelium:
(Keratinized and non-keratinized.)
-Stratified cuboidal epithelium.
Distribution:
:
Squamous Epithelium
-Distribution:
-Glandular acini and ducts.
-Cells of the convoluted tubules of the
kidney.
-Thyroid follicles.
Cuboidal Epithelium
-Distribution:
a-Non cilated
-Lining epithelium of the stomach where it is secretory.
-Combination of both secretory and absorptive columnar
cells of the small intestine.
b-Cilated
-Cells lining the uterus, Fallopian tubes .
- Lung bronchi.
Columnar epithelium
4-Pseudo-Stratified Columnar
Epithelium:
All cells lie on a basement membrane, but not all of them reach
the free surface.
-Distribution:
a-Non-ciliated
-Vas deferens
-Membranous urethra.
Pseudostratified Ciliated
Columnar Epithelium
Distribution:
a-The keratinized
-Covers the entire surface of the body and the
orifices of cavities opened in it.
b-The non-keratinized
- The mouth, pharynx, oesophogus.
-Larynx.
-External auditory canal.
-Conjunctiva.
- vagina.
-Terminal urethra.
-Cornea.
-Anal canal.
-Distribution:
a-Non-ciliated
- Conjunctival fornices.
- large ducts of glands .
- penile urethra.
b-Ciliated
- laryngeal surface of epiglottis
-Foetal osophogus.
-Distribution:
-Ducts of salivary glands.
-Ducts of sweat glands.
-The antra of ovarian follicles.
Epithelium of seminiferous tubules in
between Sertoli cells.
Stratified Squamous
Epithelium
4-Transitional Epithelium
-The
4-Transitional Epithelium
III-Glandular Epithelium
It is classified according to:
A-The presence or absence of ducts
B-According to the number of secretory
cells
C-According to the mode of secretion
D-According to the type of secretion
E-According to the shape of secretory
part and duct branching of the gland)
3-Mixed glands
They have both endocrine and exocrine parts, e.g: pancreas,
testis, ovary and kidney.
Endocrine Glands
- All endocrine glands eventually lose their
ducts and are considered to be ductless
- Endocrine glands produce hormones that
regulate body functions
- These glands secrete directly into the
extracellular space
- The hormones then enter the blood or
lymphatic fluid e.g Pituitary, Thyroid,
1-Endocrine glands
Exocrine Glands
Exocrine
2-Exocrineglands
3-Mixed glands
3-Mixed glands
2- Multicellular glands
-They are formed of many cells, e.g: salivary glands
and sweat glands.
1- Unicellular glands:
1- Unicellular glands:
2- Multicellular glands
2- Multicellular glands
2- Holocrine glands
The whole cells are destructed, e.g: sebaceous
glands.
3- Meocrine glands
The secretion leaves the cells intact without any
destruction to the cells, e.g: salivary glands.
Merocrine glands
Holocrine glands
Apocrine glands
Neuroepithelium
Main sites:
1- Olfactory mucosa.
2- taste buds.
3- Organ of corti.
4- Cristea ampullaris & Macula
5- Retina ?
IV-Neuro-Epithelium
-These are epithelial structures that are differentiated to
act as nerve receptors.
- Examples:
1-Lingual taste buds
2-Neuroepithelial structures of the internal ear:
-Organ of Corti.
-Cristae ampullares.
-Macula utriculi and Macula sacculi.
3- Olfactory epithelium.
Sense organs
carry messages
about the
environment to
the central
nervous
system.
Epithelial
tissue
Epithelial
membranes
(
Simple
Glandular
epithelium
According
to duct
Stratified
Nature of
secretion
Mode of
secretion
Neuroepithelium
Myoepithelium
No. of
cells
According to
branching
According
to shape
Squamous
Squamous
Exocrine
Mucous
Merocrine
Unicellular
Simple
Tubu
Multicellular
Simple
branched
Alve
Compound
branched
Tub
alveo
Cuboidal
Keratinized
Endocrine
Serous
Apocrine
Columnar
Non
Keratinized
Mixed
Mucoserous
Holocrine
Pseudostratified
Ciliated
Non
ciliated
Cuboidal
Waxy
Columnar
Watery
Transitional
Cellular
Fatty
Epithelial
polarity :
1) Apical modification .
2 ) Lateral modification .
3 ) Basal modification .
Apical modification
Microvilli :
Shape. It is finger like projection which increase
surface area for absorption .
Contain Many actin and myosin and microfilament
.Sites. Epithelium of small intestine .
Sterocilia :
Shape Long microvilli.Sites Cells lining the
epididymis.
Cilia:
Shape Motile.Contain Microtubules.
Sites Cell lining trachea to push mucous and dust
Cell lining fallopian tuber to push ova
Flagella:
Shape Single long cilium which for the tail of
sperm for moving.
CILIA
Many
short
FLAGELLA
Few
Long
Lateral modification
Tight junction ( Zonula occludens ) .
Shape
Basal modification
Basement membrane:
Formed of:
1 Basal lamina :
glycoprotein .
cell coat .
2 Reticular lamina :
collagen C.T.
Function:
It fixes the epith. to the C.T.
Act as selective barrier .
May be very thin ( in epith. ) .
May be very thick in the skin and trachea .
Hemidesmosomes:
Formed of:
It is 1/2 of desmosomer.
Function :
Fixes the epith. to under lying C.T.
Basal infolding:
In the ion transporting cell.
e.g. cell lining the renal tubules .