ERGONOMICS

Ergonomics
is the scientific discipline concerned with
understanding of the interactions among humans and other
elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory,
principles, data and methods to design, in order to optimize human
well-being and overall system performance.

This presentation is intended to educate employees of the IT

industry FERRANO who work at computer workstations the
majority of their work day.

An ergonomically correct workstation will help to prevent

bodily injuries that occur over time due to poor posture,
repetitive motion, poor workstation design, or improper
lifting.

: chairs
Causes:
oFeet cannot rest flat on floor.
oUnable to sit with thighs parallel to the floor or with a slight
downward angle from hips to knees.
oFront edge of seatpan presses into back of knee.
oChair lumbar support not supporting the small of the back.
oSpace exists between spine and backrest.
oArmrests provide inadequate forearm support while keying or
mousing.

chairs
Preventions:
oraise/lower chair to allow feet to rest
comfortably flat on floor.
oUse footrest if keyboard/desk height
requires an elevated chair.
oAdjust chair height so that feet remain flat
on floor or footrest but thighs are also
parallel to floor.
oChoose a chair with 2-3 fingers width
between front edge of the chair and back
of knees.
oAttach a removable back support cushion
to existing backrest to short seat pan.

: KEYBOARD/MOUSE/OTHER INPUT DEVICE

CAUSES:
oWrist is not flat.
oForearms are not parallel with floor or shoulders are tensed
when using keyboard/mouse and other input device.
oWrist is deviated.
oReaching to side or front when using mouse/other input device.

keyboard/mouse/other input device

Prevention:
o adjust seat hei so that keyboard and mouse sits just below
elbow height.
oRaise or lower adjustable work surfaces in systems furniture so
that they are just below seated elbow height.
oEnsure adequate space for input device.
oPlace mouse/input device beside keyboard at a same height.

monitor and workstation

CAUSEs:
o head tilted up/down repeatedly for a long time while working
in the desk.
oHead is not directly over the spine.
oHard/sharp objects press into skin.
oTwisting of torso.
oInadequate clearance under desk for legs.
oRepeated/prolonged trunk bending

Monitor or workstation
PREVENTIONs:
oRaise/lower the monitor so eyes are in line with top line of text.
oPosition the monitor directly to the user.
oUse a hands-free system.
oIf user is right-handed arrange accessories to the right of the
computer.
oPad sharp edges on desktop with a foam.
oEncourage users to stand up while retrieving items behind
them.

: environmental
Causes:
oToo much/too little light.
oGlare on monitor.
oTemperature is less than 20 degrees celsius to 24 degrees
celsius.

: environmental
Preventions:
Reduce the amount of light in work
area especially ceiling-mounted light
fixtures.
Use appropriate task-lighting.
Prevent source of glare reach the
monitor.
Raise/reduce temperature for
individual comfort.
Use lcd monitors.

Here are some of common poor sitting postures:-

Drooping Posture

Stooping Posture

Working With Long Distance

Drooping carelessly

Working From Besides

Working More Closely To Monitor

Correct sitting posture

Chair needs to be at a height so

that your forearms are parallel to
the desk with your shoulders
relaxed and elbows at 90 degrees.
If your feet cant reach the floor
comfortably, you require a footrest.
Backrest at 90 degree to 100 degree
to the floor.

The screen should be approximately one arms length away

from the user because this is the average focal distance for a
person and reduces the need to lean forward to read the
screen

The top of the monitor should be at eye-level.

wrong

Right

The keyboard should not be inclined to avoid excessive

and prolonged extension of the wrist whilst typing.

 The keyboard should be positioned

approximately 8cm from the edge of
the desk.
The keyboard should be located
directly in front of the user.

Right
Wrong
The mouse should be positioned to allow the elbow by the side
of the users body and the wrist remains in a neutral position.

The angle of elbow should be 90 degrees relative to

the upper arm.

 Items used repetitively during the day (for example

pens, stapler, punch or telephone) need to be close
enough so that the user does not have to stretch for
the item.
This reduces the risk of slouching once the item has
been grasped.

 Always adjust the laptop for the screen height.

Preferentially use a laptop stand or docking station.
Use an external mouse and keyboard.

Do NOT sit in your chair, lean to the side and reach for
a file.
Stand up, bend down with your hips and knees in
front of the cabinet and access the file.
Do NOT bend your back

Eye Strain

Computer vision
syndrome

Back pain

Wrist pain

Shoulder pain

headache

Back bend:-

In standing, place your hands on

your buttocks
Lean backwards trying to bend your
back just above your buttocks
Hold 2 seconds then straighten up
Repeat 10 times approximately every
hour

Reach for the ceiling

Clasp your hands together

and turn them inside-out
Reach to the ceiling
Hold 10 seconds
Pull hands backwards or sideways
and hold a further 10 seconds each
movement

Fore arm stretch

Hold your arm straight out in front of

You
Pull your hand upwards
Hold 20 seconds
Pull your hand downwards

Hold 20 seconds

Shoulder roll

Rotate your shoulders backwards

approximately 20 times
Emphasise a good posture while
doing the stretch
Dont roll your shoulders forward as
this emphasises poor posture