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ADRENAL GLAND

Alvin B. Vibar, M.D.


Adrenal gland
Cortex – mesoderm

Medulla – Neural
Development of Adrenal
gland
Congenital Adrenal
Hyperplasia
Excessive androgen
production during
the fetal period
In females, causes
masculinization of
the external
genitalia –
enlargement of the
clitoris - virilization
Relations:
Right: Left:

Anteromedially – IVC Anterior – Spleen


Stomach
Anterolaterally – Liver Pancreas

Post - Diaphragm Post - Diaphragm


ABDOMINAL AORTA
Anterior Visceral
Celiac
Superior Mesenteric
Inferior Mesenteric
Lateral Visceral
Suprarenal
Renal
Gonadal
Lateral Abdominal
Inferior Phrenic
Lumbar
Terminal branches
Common iliac
Median Sacral
Blood Supply:
Suprarenal arteries arise from 3 sources:

Superior from Inferior Phrenic

Middle from Abdominal aorta

Inferior from Renal


INFERIOR VENA CAVA
Anterior Visceral
R / L hepatic
Lateral Visceral
R suprarenal
R / L renal
R gonadal
Lateral Abdominal
Inferior phrenic
Lumbar
Veins of origin
R / L common iliac
Median sacral
Venous Drainage:
Right Adrenal vein – drains into IVC

Left Adrenal vein – drains into Left renal


vein - IVC
Lymph Drainage:
Lateral Aortic nodes
Addison’s disease
Adrenocortical insufficiency

Characterized clinically by:


Increased pigmentation
Muscular weakness
Weight loss
Hypotension
Cushing’s syndrome
Cortical hyperplasia due to adenoma or
carcinoma of the cortex

Clinically manifested by:


Moon – shaped face
Truncal obesity
Abnormal hairiness / Hirsutism
Hypertension
Adrenal Cortex
Hyposecretion – Hypersecretion –
Addison’s disease – Cushing’s
bronze tone of the syndrome – “moon
skin face” and “buffalo
hump”
PITUITARY GLAND
Pituitary Gland
Ectodermal in origin
2 sources
Oral ectoderm – Hypophysial pouch from
roof of stomodeum – Adenohypophysis /
glandular part
Neuroectoderm – Neurohypophysial bud
from the floor of diencephalon –
Neurohypophysis / nervous part
Development of Pituitary
Gland
Hypophysial pouch /
Rathke – upgrowth
from roof of primitive
mouth

Neurohypophysial
bud – downgrowth
from the forebrain
( diencephalon)
Pharyngeal
hypophysis –
persistence of
remnant of stalk of
Rathke’s pouch

Craniopharyngioma
– from remnants of
the stalk of
hypophysial pouch
Hypophysis cerebri
“Master endocrine
gland”
Small, oval structure
attached to the
undersurface of the
brain by the
Infundibulum
Protected by the Sella
turcica of Sphenoid
bone
Relations:
Superiorly –
Diaphragma sellae
Inferiorly – Body of
Sphenoid
Laterally – Cavernous
sinus
Posteriorly – Dorsum
sellae, Basilar artery,
Pons
Divisions:
Anterior lobe or Posterior lobe or
Adenohypophysis Neurohypophysis
Subdivided into:
Pars distalis Pars nervosa
Pars intermedia
Pars tuberalis
Pituitary gland
Pars distalis: Pars intermedia
ACIDOPHILS: MSH
Growth hormone
Prolactin Pars nervosa
BASOPHILS: releases: ADH
FSH Oxytocin
LH
TSH
ACTH
Blood supply:
Derived from the superior and inferior
hypophyseal arteries – branches of the
Internal carotid artery

Veins drain into the intercavernous


sinuses.
Pituitary Gland

Hyposecretion of GH
results to pituitary
dwarfism but body Hypersecretion of
proportions are GH during childhood
normal results in Gigantism;
in adults -
Acromegaly

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