LTE Distilled

for Small Cells PU

Owen Castellino
January 2012

Characteristics
Only PS domain (Voice via IMS VoIP or fallback to 2G/3G)
Scalable RF bandwidth to accommodate spectrum licensing constraints
300 Mbps DL / 75 Mbps UL (20 MHz, 4x4 DL MIMO, 64 QAM)
<10 ms user plane round trip time
<100 ms RRC idle to connected
All IP network

Self Optimising Network (SON)

Further enhancements with LTE Advanced from 3GPP Rel 10

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Some Comparisons with UMTS

LTE

UMTS

OFDMA

WCDMA

Single RRC connected state

Cell DCH, Cell FACH, Cell PCH, URA

PCH

Only shared channels for L3

signalling and user plane

Shared, dedicated and common

channels

NAS signalling secured end to end

NAS signalling only secured in access

network

Default bearer for always on

Bearer (PDP context) has to be

explicitly requested

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Network Architecture

UTRAN
SGSN
HSS

GERAN
S3
S1-MME

S6a
MME

PCRF
S11

S10

LTE-Uu
UE

S12
S4
Serving
Gateway

E-UTRAN

S5

Rx

Gx
PDN
Gateway

S1-U

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SGi

Operator's IP
Services
(e.g. IMS, PSS etc.)

E-UTRAN Architecture

MME / S-GW

S1

S1

S1

S1

S1

S1

S5

S1

S1

MME / S-GW

S1

MME / S-GW

HeNB GW

X2
E-UTRAN

X2
eNB

X2

S1

X2

S1

eNB

eNB

X2

HeNB
HeNB

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HeNB

E-UTRAN Nodes
eNB (eNodeB): Combined base station and radio controller, controlling
multiple cells
HeNB (Home eNodeB): Combined base station and radio controller, controlling
a single cell
HeNB GW (HeNB Gateway): Optional aggregation node for HeNBs

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Functional Split

eNB
Inter Cell RRM
RB Control
Connection Mobility Cont.
MME
Radio Admission Control
NAS Security
eNB Measurement
Configuration & Provision
Idle State Mobility
Handling

Dynamic Resource
Allocation (Scheduler)

EPS Bearer Control

RRC
PDCP
S-GW

P-GW

RLC
Mobility
Anchoring

MAC

UE IP address
allocation

S1
PHY

Packet Filtering
internet

E-UTRAN

EPC

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OFDMA (1/3)
RF bandwidth divided into 15 kHz orthogonal subcarriers
Each 0.5 us slot contains 7 OFDM symbols

Each OFDM symbol can be modulated using BPSK, QPSK, 16 QAM or 64 QAM
2 slots per 1 ms subframe
10 subframes per 10 ms radio frame

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OFDMA (2/3)

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OFDMA (3/3)

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Control Plane

NAS

NAS
Relay
RRC

S1-AP

PDCP

RRC
PDCP

S1-AP
SCTP

RLC

RLC

IP

IP

MAC

MAC

L2

L2

L1

L1

L1

L1

UE

LTE-Uu

eNodeB

SCTP

S1-MME

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MME

User Plane

Application
IP

IP
Relay

Relay

PDCP

GTP-U

GTP-U
GTP-U

PDCP

GTP-U

RLC

RLC

UDP/IP

UDP/IP

UDP/IP

UDP/IP

MAC

MAC

L2

L2

L2

L2

L1

L1

L1

L1

L1

L1

LTE-Uu

UE

S1-U

eNodeB

S5/S8
a

Serving GW

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SGi

PDN GW

X2 Interface
SCTP & X2-AP for control plane
GTP-u for data forwarding

Neighbour cell information exchange

Inter-cell interference management
Load control

Handover

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Logical Channels
Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)
Paging Control Channel (PCCH)

Common Control Channel (CCCH)

Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH)
Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH)

Multicast Control Channel (MCCH)

Multicast Traffic Channel (MTCH)

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Transport Channels
Broadcast Channel (BCH)
Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH)

Paging Channel (PCH)

Multicast Channel (MCH)
Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH)

Random Access Channel (RACH)

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Downlink Physical Channels

Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)
Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH)

Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)

Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH)
Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)

Physical Multicast Channel (PMCH)

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Uplink Physical Channels

Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)
Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)

Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)

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Downlink Channel Mapping

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Uplink Channel Mapping

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Physical Signals
Primary Synchronisation Signal (PSS)
Secondary Synchronisation Signal (SSS)

Cell and UE specific DL Reference Signals

UL Reference Signal

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Home eNodeB Network

Standard S1 interface
Optional HeNB Gateway

X2 only between HeNBs

Access control via CSG only (no ACL option)
LIPA (Local IP Access) including L-GW co-located with HeNB

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Establishing a UE Signalling Connection (1/3)

:U E

:D M F

:M M E

:S G W

rrc lt e _ c o n n e c t io n R e q u e s t ()
P e rfo rm C A C
a n d re s o u rc e
a llo c a t io n
rrc lt e _ c o n n e c t io n S e t u p ()

If d e lo p y e d , H e N B G w y w ill
p e rfo rm N N S F a n d s e le c t
M M E . A ls o a ll S 1 -A P
s ig a llin g m e s s a g e s w ill
t ra ve rs e t h e H e N B G w y .

rrc lt e _ c o n n e c t io n S e t u p C o m p le t e (n a s P d u )
P e rfo rm N N S F t o
d e t e rm in e M M E
to us e
s 1 a p _ in it ia lU e M e s s a g e (n a s P d u )

lo o p
s 1 a p _ d o w n lin k N a s Tra n s p o rt (n a s P d u )
rrc lt e _ d lIn fo rm a t io n Tra n s fe r(n a s P d u )
rrc lt e _ u lIn fo rm a t io n Tra n s fe r(n a s P d u )
s 1 a p _ u p lin k N a s Tra n s p o rt (n a s P d u )

s 1 a p _ in it ia lC o n t e x t S e t u p R e q u e s t (s e c u rit y K e y , e R a b To S e t u p , n a s P d u )
rrc lt e _ s e c u rit y M o d e C o m m a n d ()
rrc lt e _ s e c u rit y M o d e C o m p le t e ()

P e rfo rm D B C fo r
n o n -G B R e R A B All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006, #####
& a llo c a t e

C o re n e t w o rk
p e rfo rm s
ac c es s
c o n t ro l a n d
CS G
m e m b e rs h ip
ve rfiric a t io n

d e te rm in e M M E
to u s e

C o re n e tw o rk
p e rfo rm s
ac c es s
c o n tro l a n d
CS G
m e m b e rs h ip
ve rfiric a tio n

s 1 a p _ in itia lU e M e s s a g e (n a s P d u )

Establishing
a UE Signalling Connection(2/3)
lo o p
s 1 a p _ d o w n lin k N a s Tra n s p o rt(n a s P d u )
rrc lte _ d lIn fo rm a tio n Tra n s fe r(n a s P d u )
rrc lte _ u lIn fo rm a tio n Tra n s fe r(n a s P d u )
s 1 a p _ u p lin k N a s Tra n s p o rt(n a s P d u )

s 1 a p _ in itia lC o n te x tS e tu p R e q u e s t(s e c u rity K e y , e R a b To S e tu p , n a s P d u )

rrc lte _ s e c u rity M o d e C o m m a n d ()
rrc lte _ s e c u rity M o d e C o m p le te ()

P e rfo rm D B C fo r
n o n -G B R e R A B
& a llo c a te
re s o u rc e s
opt
S ta rt o f
G TP -u p a th
m o n ito rin g

[F irs t G TP -u tu n n e l fo r s p e c ifie d S G W IP a d d re s s ]
g tp u v1 _ e c h o R e q u e s t()
g tp u v1 _ e c h o R e s p o n s e ()

rrc lte _ c o n n e c tio n R e c o n fig u ra tio n (rb To A d d , n a s P d u )

rrc lte _ c o n n e c tio n R e c o n fig u ra tio n C o m p le te ()
s 1 a p _ in itia lC o n te x tS e tu p R e s p o n s e ()
p a ra lle l
lo o p

s 1 a p _ d o w n lin k N a s Tra n s p o rt(n a s P d u )

rrc lte _ d lIn fo rm a tio n Tra n s fe r(n a s P d u )
rrc lte _ u lIn fo rm a tio n Tra n s fe r(n a s P d u )
s 1 a p _ u p lin k N a s Tra n s p o rt(n a s P d u )

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re s o u rc e s
opt
S t a rt o f
G TP -u p a t h
m o n it o rin g

[ F irs t G TP -u t u n n e l fo r s p e c ifie d S G W IP a d d re s s ]
g t p u v1 _ e c h o R e q u e s t ()

Establishing a UE Signalling Connection (3/3)

g t p u v1 _ e c h o R e s p o n s e ()

rrc lt e _ c o n n e c t io n R e c o n fig u ra t io n (rb To A d d , n a s P d u )

rrc lt e _ c o n n e c t io n R e c o n fig u ra t io n C o m p le t e ()
s 1 a p _ in it ia lC o n t e x t S e t u p R e s p o n s e ()
p a ra lle l
lo o p

s 1 a p _ d o w n lin k N a s Tra n s p o rt (n a s P d u )
rrc lt e _ d lIn fo rm a t io n Tra n s fe r(n a s P d u )
rrc lt e _ u lIn fo rm a t io n Tra n s fe r(n a s P d u )
s 1 a p _ u p lin k N a s Tra n s p o rt (n a s P d u )

lo o p

g t p u v1 _ g P d u ()
u e U s e rP la n e P a c k e t ()

u e U s e rP la n e P a c k e t ()
g t p u v1 _ g P d u ()

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References & Resources

3GPP TS36.300, E-UTRAN Overall Description, Stage 2
3GPP TS23.401, GPRS Enhancements for E-UTRAN Access

ALU Universitys LTE Overview, LTW543W, free web based training

LTE Bootcamp at https://wcdma-ll.app.alcatellucent.com/livelink/livelink.exe?func=ll&objId=59632997&objAction=browse&
viewType=1
LTE, The UMTS Long Term Evolution, From Theory to Practice, 2nd ed, ISBN:
9780470660256

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