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Objectives:
1. Properties of a Fourier transform
Linearity & time shifts
Differentiation
Convolution in the frequency domain
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X ( jw ) x(t )e jwt dt
x(t )
1
2
X ( jw )e jwt dw
analysis
synthesis
x(t ) X ( jw )
For example:
at
e u (t )
1
a jw
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x1 (t ) X 1 ( jw )
F
x2 (t ) X 2 ( jw )
F
ax1 (t ) bx2 (t ) aX 1 ( jw ) bX 2 ( jw )
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Proof
Consider the Fourier transform synthesis equation:
w
X
(
j
w
)
e
dw
w
w
e
X
(
j
w
)
e
dw
x(t )
1
2
x(t t0 )
1
2
1
2
X ( jw )e jwt d w
j ( t t0 )
j t0
j t
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x1(t)
X 1 ( jw ) 2 sin(w / 2)
x2(t)
X 2 ( jw ) 2 sin(3w / 2)
x (t)
X ( jw ) e j 5w / 2 sin(w / 2) 2 sin(3w / 2)
w
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dt
1
2
jw X ( jw )e jwt dw
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y (t ) h(t ) * x(t ) Y ( jw ) H ( jw ) X ( jw )
Therefore, to apply convolution in the frequency domain, we
just have to multiply the two Fourier Transforms.
To solve for the differential/convolution equation using Fourier
transforms:
1. Calculate Fourier transforms of x(t) and h(t): X(jw) by H(jw)
2. Multiply H(jw) by X(jw) to obtain Y(jw)
3. Calculate the inverse Fourier transform of Y(jw)
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b0
a0
1
1
1
Y ( jw )
ba
b a (a jw ) (b jw )
Therefore, the CT system response is:
y (t )
EE-2027 SaS 06-07, L11
1
ba
at
u (t ) e bt u (t )
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wc
wc
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dx(t ) F
jwX ( jw )
dt
F
y (t ) h(t ) * x(t ) Y ( jw ) H ( jw ) X ( jw )
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Theory
1. Using linearity & time shift calculate the Fourier transform of
x(t ) 5e 3(t 1)u (t 1) 7e 3(t 2)u (t 2)
2. Use the FT derivative relationship (S7) and the Fourier
series/transform expression for sin(w0t) (L10-S3) to evaluate the FT of
cos(w0t).
3. Calculate the FTs of the systems impulse responses
y(t )
y(t )
3
y
(
t
)
x
(
t
)
y(t ) x(t )
a) t
b) 3
t
4. Calculate the system responses in Q3 when the following input signal
is applied
5t
x(t ) e u (t )
Matlab/Simulink
5. Verify the answer to Q1 using the Fourier transform toolbox in Matlab
6. Verify Q3 and Q4 in Simulink
7. Simulate a first order system in Simulink and input a series of
sinusoidal signals with different frequencies. How does the response
depend on the input frequency (S12)?
EE-2027 SaS 06-07, L11
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jwt
x
(
t
)
e
H ( jw )dt
H ( jw ) x(t )e jwt dt
H ( j w ) X ( jw )
EE-2027 SaS 06-07, L11
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