PRESENTED BY :

ANJALI SAINI
ROLL NO. 17
VI-J

A geometric shape is the geometric information which

remains when location, scale,orientation and reflection are
removed from the description of a geometric object.[1]That
is, the result of moving a shape around, enlarging it,
rotating it, or reflecting it in a mirror is the same shape as
the original, and not a distinct shape..

COMPARISON OF TWO LINE SEGMENT MEANS FINDING AN

ORDER BETWEEN THEIR LENGTHS.
i.e., Which of them is longer than the other.
We can compare two line segments by different methods.

Compare Two Line

Segments Method

Comparison by
Observation

Comparison by
Thread

Comparison by Divider
or Compus

From the above, it is clear that the

method of comparing two segments by
observation is not always correct

The line segments are compared with the help of a

thread. Hold a thread tightly between A and B with the
forefinger and thumb of one hand at A and those of the
other hand at B. Now lift the hands keeping the thread
tight in same position. Place one end at c and the other

end is free to fall at any point on CD.

There are three possibilities

a. The other end is exactly on D
i.e., AB = CD (fig. 11.5(i)

b. The other end is beyond D.

i.e., AB > CD (fig. 11.5(ii)

c. The other end is between C and

D.
i.e., AB < CD (fig. 11.5(iii)

The line segments are compared with

the help of a divider or a pair of
compasses

Two segments are equal or congruent if they are of

same length.

Example : If B is the mid-point of Ac and C is the midpoint of BD where A,B,C and D are collinear, show that
AB= CD.
Sol. :
B is the mid-point of AC
AB = BC
..(i)
Again C is the mid-point of BD
CD = BC
..(ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get
AB = CD

KINDS OF ANGLE
Acute angles

Acute angles are angles less than 90o

KINDS OF ANGLE

Right angles

90o on a
protractor

A right angle
will occur
when a
horizontal
line and a
vertical line
meet.

If the angle
between two
lines is a right
angle then the
lines are
perpendicular
to each other.

Horizontal

A right angle is an angle of 90o

Horizontal

Horizontal

Horizontal

KINDS OF ANGLE
Obtuse angles
1

Obtuse angles are greater than 90o but less 180o

KINDS OF ANGLE
Straight angles

180o on a
protractor

A straight angle is an angle of 180o

180o on a
protractor

KINDS OF ANGLE
Reflex angles
1

Reflex angles are greater than 180o but less than 360o

KINDS OF ANGLE
Complete angle

An angle which measures 360 is called complete angle

KINDS OF ANGLE
Zero angle

An angle which measures 0 is called Zero angle

Two LINES ARE SAID TO BE PERPENDICULAR IF

THE ANGLE BETWEE THEM MEASURES 90. AB IS
PERPENDICULAR TO DC IS WRITTEN AS AB DC
Note : Two rays
or two segments
are
perpendicular to
each other if the
lines containing
then
are
perpendicular.
Two
adjacent
edges of book
are
perpendicular to
each other.